Action and Modality

Will, Ability and Necessity

KEL-	v.int | N(gi)X+i ~	feel like Xing, get X(y)	Horizontal Motion Evolution Time Authority
	Teatrga borgim keldi.
	I wanted to go to the theater.
ISTA-	v.t | N(ish)X+ni ~	desire X, want X, wish X
	Uyga ketishni istayman.
	I want to go home.
	istar-istamas	reluctantly
	N(ish)X+ni astoydil ista-	be longing for X
	Ota-ona o'z o'glidan biror xabar kelishini astoydil istaydi.
	The parents are longing for news from their son.
	U bilan uchrashishni Meri astoydil istaydi.
	Mary is longing for a meeting with him.
	N(ish)X+ni qattiq ista-	long for X
	Men u bilan uchrashishni qattiq istayman.
	I am longing for an appointment with him.
istak	n | N(ish)X+ga ~	aspiration, desire, wish for X
XOHISH	n | N(ish)X+ga ~	wish, aspiration, desire for X
	Bu yerga o'z xohishim bilan keldim.
	I came here of my own free will.
	Kinoga borish uchun xohishim bor.
	I have a wish to go to the cinema.
	xohish+ini bajo keltir-	satisfy one's wish, desire
XOHLA-	v.t | N(ish)X+ni ~	want X,wish X, desire X
	O'qishni xohlayman.
	I want to study.
	xohlamasdan	reluctantly
xohlovchi	n	volunteer
IXTIYOR	n	will	Necessity
ixtiyoriy	adj	voluntary, of one's free will
ixtiyorsiz	ad	involuntary(ly)
		compelled
beixtiyor	adj	involuntary(ly)
HAVAS	n	wish, desire, longing	Emotions
	NX+da N(ish)Y ~+i bor	(X) have desire for Y
	Menda kinoga borish havasi bor.
	I want to go to the cinema.
	NX+ning N(ish)Y+ga ~+i kel-	(X) have desire for Y, want to have Y
	Bu odamning ko'p qirrali bilimiga havasim keladi.
	I envy this man for his many-sided knowledge.
	N(ish)X+ga havas qil-	wish, desire X
	Uning muvaffaqiyatlariga u havas qilardi.
	She envied him his successes.
havasmand	adj	easily getting carried away
NAFS	n	desire, greed, lust	Hatred
HIRS	n	greed, desire	Hatred
	NX+ga ~ qo'y-	be greedy for X
	Chet el matbuoti har qanday sensatsiyaga hirs qo'ygan.
	The press is greedy for any sensation.
	NX+ga ~ qo'yish	greed for X, pursuit of X
	Boylikka hirs qo'yish baxt keltirmaydi.
	The pursuit of richness doesn't bring happiness.
ORZU	n | N(ish)X haqidagi ~	desire, aspiration, hope, wish, dream of X	Surprise
	Baxtli oilaviy hayot haqidagi orzu uning xayolidan ko'tarilmas edi.
	From this day on the dream of lucky family life didn't leave her.
	Odamlarning parvoz qilish haqidagi asriy orzusi 20-asrdagina amalga oshdi.
	The secular people's dream of flying realized only in the 20th century.
	Orzungizga yeting!
	May you be successful!
	N(ish)X+ni orzu qil-	wish to X, hope that X, dream of Xing
	Har bir o'zbek ayol ona bo'lishni orzu qiladi.
	Every Uzbek woman dreams of becoming a mother.
	U mashinani orzu qiladi.
	She dreams of a car.
	Men Toshkentga borishni orzu qilaman.
	I want to go to Tashkent.
MUSHTOQ	adj	desired, highly-coveted
mushtoqlik	n	desire, covetousness
HAFSALA	n	desire, wish
kamhafsala	adj	inert, passive
TILA-	v.t | NY+ga N(ish)X+ni ~	wish X (for Y)	Solicitude
	Men sizga baxt tilayman.
	I wish you luck.
tilak	n	wish
MAYL	n | NX+ga ~+i	inclination, aspiration towards X, wish	Emotions Agreement
	Maylingiz bormi?
	What do you want?
	NX+ning NY+ga ~+i bor	X be disposed to Y, have inclination towards Y, be in the mood for Y
	Uning hazilga mayli bor.
	He is disposed to jokes.
RAG'BAT	n	inclination, liking, desire	Emotions
rag'batlan-	v.int	be interested, be motivated
rag'batlantir-	v.t	interest, motivate
INTIL-	v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~	strive for X, attempt to X, have a leaning towards X, endeavour to X	Processes Undertaking
	U bilimga intiladi.
	He strives for knowledge.
	Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlarining barcha xalqlari tinchlikka intiladilar.
	All people of Central Asia strive for peace.
	O'g'lingizda tarixni o'rganishga intilish bor.
	Your son has a leaning towards studying history.
	v.int | VX+gani ~	attempt to X
	Juvon shohni ushlagani ikki-uch intilib, ushlay olmadi.
	The young girl attempted to grab the branch two or three times, but could not.
	intilish	attempt, striving, yearning
	Hayotda go'zallikka intilish - bizning ulkan ehtiyojimizdir.
	The striving for the beautiful in life is our big requirement.
	N(ish)X+ga ko'z+i qiyma-	be reluctant to X
ERIN-	v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~	be unwilling to X, reluctant to X	Character
ARANG	adv	with difficulty	Difficulty
		reluctantly
	N(ish)X+ga bel bog'la-	make up one's mind to X
	o'z-o'zicha	go one's own
	o'z-o'zidan	spontaneously
JON	jon deb CX	eagerly looking forward to X	Life Spirit Persons Love
	VX+ish uchun ko'ngl+i bor	be willing to X	Feelings
	Uning bu yerga kelish uchun ko'ngli bor.
	He wants to come here.
	VX+ishga ko'ngl+i tortma-	be unwilling to X
	U yerga borishga ko'nglim tortmaydi.
	I don't want to go there.
ko'ngilli	adj	voluntary
	U ko'ngilli askar.
	He is a voluntary soldier.
qiziqtir-	v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga ~	allure, prompt X to Y	Emotions
	Iliq sentyabr havosi bizni sayr qilishga qiziqtiradi.
	The warm September weather allures us to an airing.
QAT'IY	adj	firm, resolute, determined	Character
	Bu yerga kelishim qat'iydir.
	It is definite that I will come.
	adv	thoroughly, resolutely
	Bu ishga qat'iy kirishish kerak.
	This work must be done thoroughly.
	N(ishi)X+dan qat'iy nazar	regardless of X, irrespective of X
	Ularning kim bo'ldiklaridan qat'iy nazar, bu yerga keltirish kerak.
	Irrespective of who they may be, they must be brought here.
qat'iylik	n	firmness, resolution, determination
qat'iyat	n	determination, resolution, willpower
qat'iyatli	adj	determined, resolute
qat'iyatsiz	adj	irresolute, undecided
qat'iylash-	v.int	get resolute, determined
	NX+da qattiq tur-	stand firm, persist in X
	NX+ni qattiq turib ma'qulla-	insist on X, persist in X
	Men o'z taklifimni qattiq turib ma'qullayman.
	I insist on my proposal.
	U albatta o'z fikrini kattiq turib ma'qullashni istaydi.
	He wants without fail to persist in his opinion.
VOZ	n | N(ish)X+dan ~ kech-	abandon X, renounce X, give up X, reject X
	Nihoyat, u o'zining zararli odatidan voz kechdi.
	At last he abandoned his bad habit.
	Bu yil u xotinining kasalligi tufayli chet elga borishdan voz kechishi kerak edi.
	This year he had to reject a tour abroad because of the illness of his wife.
	Men bu ishdan voz kechaman.
	I will give up this job.
QAYT-	v.int | NX+dan ~	refrain from X	Horizontal Motion Evolution Frequency Exchange
qaytar-	v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+dan ~	dissuade X from Y
	U meni bu paltoni olishdan qaytardi.
	He dissuaded me from buying this coat.
	N(ish)X+dan bo'yin tovla-	refrain from X
	N(ish)X+dan o'z+ini tut-	refrain from X	Behaviour Honour
	U Alisherning savoliga javob berishdan o'zini tutdi.
	She refrained from answering to Alisher's question.
TIY-	v.t	hold back, restrain
	Og'zingni tiy!
	Hold your tongue!
tiyil-	N(ish)X+dan ~	hold X off, abstain from X
	Vrach unga chekishdan tiyilishni maslahat berdi.
	The doctor advised him to abstain from smoking.
TASHLA-	v.t	give up, stop	Undertaking Release Exchange Clothing Motion
	tashlab ket-	give up, stop
bo'ysundir-	v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~	subordinate X to Y	Authority
	U hamma vaqt o'z manfaatlarini jamoat manfaatlariga bo'ysundirib kelgan.
	He has always subordinated his own interests to the public good.
	NX+ni tark et-/qil-	give up X, renounce to X, abandon X
	Sen bu yomon odatni tark etishing kerak.
	You have to give up this bad habit.
JUR'AT	n	daring, determination	Courage
	Biz jur'at bilan ishlaymiz.
	We are working with determination.
	N(ish)X+ga jur'at qil-/et-	dare X
		decide (o.s) for X
	Men toqqa jonashga jur'at etolmayapman.
	I couldn't decide for a trip to the mountains.
	NX uchun jur'at qil-/et-	be bold, daring in X
	Vazifangizni bajarish uchun jur'at qilingiz.
	Be bold in carrying out your task.
BOTIN-	v.int | VX+ish uchun ~	dare X
QAROR	n	decision, resolution	Utilization
	Kechagi majlisda maktab ishlarini yaxshilash uchun qaror qabul qilindi.
	At yesterday's meeting the resolution to improve school matters was carried.
	Qarori yo'q odam.
	Man of indecision.
	NX haqida ~ chiqar-	adopt a decision about X
	NX asosida ~ top-	rest on X
	VX+ishga qaror qil-	decide to X
	Nihoyat, u shu safarga chiqishga qaror qildi.
	At last he decided on this journey.
	Jyuri bu skripkachiga birinchi mukofotni berishga qaror qildi.
	The judges awarded the first prize to this violonist.
	Men bu yerda qolishga qaror qildim.
	I have decided to stay here.
	qarorga kel-	make up one's mind
	VX+ishga qat'iy qaror qil-	be determined to X
	U o'z ta'tilini Qrimda o'tkazishga qat'iy qaror qildi.
	He is determined to spend his vacation in Crimea.
beqaror	adj	undecided
		fickle, inconstant
ikkilan-	v.int	hesitate, be undecided
	ikkilanish	hesitation
	Uning fikrida ikkilanish bor.
	There is some uncertainty in his mind.
	ikkilanmasdan / ikkilanmay	without hesitation
ikkilanuvchi	n	hesitant, wavering
QOBILIYAT	n	capacity, capability, ability
	U kishida bu ishni qilish uchun qobiliyat bor.
	That man has the ability to do this work.
	Unda shoirlik qobiliyati bor.
	He has poetic talent.
	NX+ga N(ish)Y ~+i bor	(X) have the ability, aptitude for Y
	U matematikaga qobiliyati borligini ko'rsatdi.
	He shows aptitude for mathematics.
qobiliyatli	adj	capable, competent, able
qobiliyatsiz	adj	incapable, incompetent
qobiliyatsizlik	n	incompetence
ISTE'DOD	n	talent, faculty, ability
iste'dodli	adj	talented, able
TALANT	n	talent
talantli	adj	talented
talantsiz	adj	untalented
QODIR	adj | N(ish)X+ga ~	(be) able, capable to X
	Bu sportchi qisqa masofaga yugurishda yuqori ko'rsatkichlarga erishishga qodir.
	This sportsman is capable of high successes in spring.
	U bu ishni bir o'zi bajarishga qodir.
	She is capable to fulfill this work alone.
qodirlik	n	ability
LAYOQAT	n | NX+ga ~	ability, capability, gift for X
	Unda chet tillarga layoqat bor.
	He has gift for foreign language.
	Bu ishni qilish uchun unda layoqat bor.
	He has the ability to do this work.
layoqatli	adj	able, capable
layoqatsiz	n	incapable
layoqatsizlik	adj	inability
SHUD	n	ability, dexterity
shudli	adj	capable, competent
noshud	adj	incapable, incompetent, clumsy
NO'NOQ	adj	clumsy, awkward, inapt
no'noqlik	n	clumsiness, awkwardness, inaptitude
OL-	v.t	take	Transfer Prehension Exchange Toilet Media Interest
	VX+a ~	can X
	O'qiy olmadi.
	He was not able to read.
	U mening oldimga kela oldi.
	He was able to come to me.
BIL-	v.t | NX+ni (NY haqida) (NZ+dan) ~	know X (about Y), have learned X (from Z), comprehend X	Knowledge Opinion Pride
	VX+ishni ~	know how to X
	Suzishni bilasizmi?
	Can you swim?
	VX+a ~	know how to X
	Chap qo'lim bilan yozabilaman.
	I can write with my left hand.
USTA	adj | NX+ga ~	expert in X, skilled in X	Learning Work
	G'affor shaxmatga usta.
	Ghaffar is an expert at chess.
ustalik	n	mastery, skills
TEXNIKA	n	technique, art, skill	Science
	Sport texnikasi.
	Athletic skill.
HUNAR	n	craft, handicraft, profession, trade	Science Work
		skill, talent
MOHIR	adj	skilful, masterly, clever	Science
mohirlik	n	skill
mohirona	adv	skilfully, masterfully, cleverly
MAHORAT	n	skill, mastery, technical ability
	Cho'lponda she'r yozish mahorati katta edi.
	Cholpan had great skill in writing poetry.
mahoratli	adj	highly skilled, masterly
mahoratsiz	adj	unskilled
MALAKA	n	qualifications	Science
malakali	adj	qualified, skilled
	NX+ning ko'z+ini bil-	know well how to do X
	U ishning ko'zini biladi.
	He knows how to work.
	bosh+i garang bo'l-	do not know what to do
	NX+ning bosh+ini garang qil-	bother X
DOVDIRA-	v.int	mumble, speak incoherently	Speach
		be shocked, dumbfounded
	dovdirab qol-	be in a dead-lock, be at an impasse
dovdirat-	NX+ni dovdirab qo'y-	put X in a dead-lock, discourage X
	Uning javobi uni dovdiratib qo'ydi.
	Her answer discouraged him.
LAPASHANG	adj	sluggish, slow
IMKON	n	possibility	Probability Truth Opportunity Truth
	NY+ga V(ish)X+ga ~ ber-	make X possible to Y, enable X for Y, permit Y to X
	Uning sog'ligi unga sportning istagan turi bilan shug'ullanishga imkon beradi.
	His health permits him to indulge in sport.
	V(ish)X+ga ~ ber-	make X possible, enable X
	Bu qonun mamlakatning demokratik rivojlana olishiga imkon tug'dirdi.
	This law made possible the democratic development of the country.
MUMKIN	adj	possible
	Mumkin bo'lsa, kelarsiz.
	If it is possible, please come.
	adj | NX VY+ishi ~	(Y) be possible for X
	Kirish mumkin.
	You can come in.
	mumkin qadar	to the best of one's ability
BO'L-	v.int | VX+ish ~	(X) be possible	Entities & Events Change Motion Evolution
	NX+ga kuch+i yet-	be in one's power to X	Forces
	NX+ga qo'l+idan kel-	be in position to X, have ability in X	Results
EP	n | N(ish)X+ning ~+i	possibility, opportunity to X
ojizona	ad	helpless(ly), powerless(ly)	Health
	xudo xohlasa	if God wills
TANLA-	v.t	choose, select	Organizations
	tanlab ol-	pick up
	Bu qalamlardan birini tanlab oling!
	Choose one of these pencils!
	tanlash	choice
tanlan-	v.int	be chosen, selected
tanlov	n	competition, selection
SARALA-	v.t | NX+ni NY+ga qarab ~	sort, sort out X in Y
	U oyoq kiyimlarni razmerlariga qarab saraladi.
	She sorted out the shoes in size.
	U qovunlarni saralayapti.
	He is sorting the melons.
	saralab ol-	select, pick up
SAYLA-	v.t | NX+ni NY qilib ~	elect, vote for, choose X as Y	Organizations
	saylab ol-	choose, select
	Bulardan birini saylab oling!
	Choose one of these!
QIL-	v.t | NX+ni NY ~	make X Y	Action
	U Ivanovni kotib qilishga va'da berdi.
	He promised to make Ivanov a secretary.
O'RIN (o'rn+i)	NX+ning o'rniga	instead of X	Administration Housing Location Tools & Furnitures Preservation Change
	Bu qalamning o'rniga boshqasini bering.
	Please give me another pencil instead of this one.
ERK	n	freedom, liberty
erksiz	adj	without liberty; forced, compelled
erkin	ad	free(ly)
	Fransiyada matbuot erkin.
	There is freedom of the press in France.
	U Angliyada erkin yashadi.
	He lived freely in England.
erkinlik	n	freedom, liberty
OZOD	adj | NX+dan ~	free from X, liberated, emancipated from X
	Men bu ishdan ozodman.
	I am free from this work.
	Bu ozod mamlakat.
	This is a free country.
	ozod bo'l-	be freed, liberated, exempted
	U askariy xizmatdan ozod bo'ldi.
	He was exempted from military service.
	NX+ni NY+dan ozod qil-	free, liberate, relieve, exempt,excuse X from Y
	Vrach qizni jismoniy tarbiya darslaridan ozod qildi.
	The doctor excused the girl from physical education.
	Ishlab chiqarishni avtomatlashtirish ishchilarni og'ir qo'l mehnatidan ozod qiladi.
	The automation of production relieved the workers from hard hand work.
	Qamoqdan ozod qilmoq.
	To free from prison.
ozodlik	n	freedom, liberation, emancipation
	ozodlikka chiq-	get one's freedom
	ozodlikka chiqar-	free, emancipate, liberate
ozodla-	v.t	free, liberate
HUR	adj	free
hurlik	n	freedom
HURRIYAT	n	freedom, liberty
ISTIQLOL	n	independence	Authority
MUSTAQIL	adj	independent
	Biz mustaqil ravishda ish olib boramiz.
	We are doing our work independently.
mustaqillik	n	independence
AVTONOM	adj	autonomous
avtonomiya	n	autonomy
MUXTOR	adj	autonomous
muxtoriyat	n	autonomy
XALOS	NX+dan ~ bo'l-	be relieved, get rid of X, be freed, delivered from X
	Mana xalos!
	That's all!
	NX+ni NY+dan xalos qil-	relieve, free, deliver X from Y, spare X Y
	Men sizni bu tashvishdan xalos qilmoqchi edi.
	I wanted to spare you this care.
	Bu ishni boshimdan xalos qildim.
	I have been relieved of this work.
xaloskor	n	liberator, saviour
QUTUL-	v.int | NX+dan ~	be released, break away, free o.s. from X, get rid of X	Health
	Men bu fikrdan qutula olmayapman.
	I cannot get rid of this thought.
	Og'ir ahvoldan qutulish yo'lini topdi.
	He found a way out of a difficult situation.
	Qamoqxonadan qutulib chiqdi.
	He has been released from prison.
	NX+dan qochib ~	escape X, flee X, break away from X
	N(ish)X+dan ~+ib qol-	escape X, avoid X
	Bu yigitcha jazolanishdan qutulib qoldi.
	The youth escaped the penalty.
	Hech kim u bilan suhbatlashishdan qutulib qololmadi.
	Nobody could avoid a talk with her.
qutultir-	v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~	release, free, liberate X from Y
MAJBUR	adj | VX+ishga ~ (bo'l-)	(be) forced, compelled, obliged to X	Necessity
	Bu shahardan chiqib ketishga majbur bo'ldim.
	I was forced to leave the city.
	NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga majbur qil-	force, compel, oblige X to Y
	Sharoit meni shunday qilishga majbur qildi.
	The circumstances forced me to take this step.
	Sharoit meni rejamni o'zgartirishga majbur qildi.
	The circumstances forced me to change my plan.
majburiy	adj	compulsory, obligatory
majburiyat	n	obligation, constraint
		duty
majburan	adv	by force
	NX+ni NY+ga majburan qabul qildir-	thrust X on Y, impose X on Y
	U hech qachon o'g'liga o'z fikrini majburan qabul qildirishga urinmaydi.
	He never tries to thrust his opinion on his son.
zo'rla-	v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga ~	force, compel, oblige X to Y	Criminality
TO'SQIN	n	obstacle, hindrance
	NX+ga ~ bo'l-	hinder X, be an obstacle to X
to'sqinlik	n	hindrance, opposition
	NX+ga N(ish)Y+ga to'sqinlik qil-	hinder X from Y, oppose against X (doing) Y
	Xastalik unga o'z rejalarini bajarishga to'sqinlik qildi.
	The illness hindered him from fulfilling his plans.
XALAQIT	n	hindrance, trouble
	NY+ga N(ish)X+ga ~ ber-	prevent Y from X, hinder Y (doing X); interfere in X
	Yomon havo samolyotimizning o'z vaqtida uchishiga xalaqit berdi.
	Bad weather prevented from the timely take-off of our plane.
	Musiqa menga ishlashga xalaqit bermaydi.
	The music doesn't prevent me from doing a work.
	Bu ishni qilishga xalaqit bermang!
	Don't hinder the work!
to'xtat-	NX+ni N(ish)Y+dan ~+ib qol-	keep X from Y	Motion Evolution
	Men uni bu xavfli qadamdan zo'rg'a to'xtatib qoldim.
	I had hardly kept him from taking that risk.
USHLA-	NX+ni NY ~+b qol-	hold back, keep, delay X for Y(=time)	Prehension Medicine
	Men sizni uzoq vaqt ushlab qolmoqchi emasman.
	I don't want to delay you for a long time.
	NX+ni NY+dan ~+b qol-	keep X from Y, prevent X from Y
	Men uni bu xavfli qadamdan ushlab qololmayman.
	I cannot keep him from takong this risk.
XALAL	NY+ga N(ish)X+ga xalal ber-	prevent Y from X, hinder, block Y (doing X); interfere in X, spoil X
	Mashinkaning shovqini menga korrektura o'qishga xalal bermoqda.
	The noise of the type-writer prevents me from reading the proofs.
BO'SH	adj	empty, void	Density
		free (time, people), vacant (space)
	Bo'sh uyingiz bormi?
	Have you a room to let?
	Bu yer bo'shmi?
	Is this place taken?
bo'shla-	v.int	become empty, be free
BAND	adj	busy, engaged, taken (space, people)	Housing Business
	Men bandman.
	I am busy.
	Telefon liniyasi band.
	The line is engaged.
	band bo'l-	be busy
	band qil-	occupy
		rent; reserve
IXTIYOR	n | NX+ning ~+ida	(at X's) disposal	Will
	Bu uy nafaqaxo'rlarning ixtiyorida.
	This house is at the pensioneers' disposal.
VAQT	vaqt+i bor	have time	Opportunity Time
	Vaqtingiz bormi?
	Have you got time?
	vaqt+i yo'q	have no time
	N(ish)X+ga qo'l+i tegma-	have no time for X
	Bu ishni qilishga qo'lim tegmaydi.
	I haven't time to do this.
	N(ish)X+ga to'g'ri kel-	it is suitable to X; it is necessary to X	Copy & Adaptation Truth Value
	Ko'p ishlashga to'g'ri keldi.
	A lot of work had to be done.
	Uning bilan to'g'ri kelgan joyda so'zlashaman.
	I will talk to him wherever I can get hold of him.
KERAK	n	necessity, need	Truth
	adj | NY+ga (N(ish)Z uchun) NX ~	(Y) need X (for Z)
	Oliy o'quv yurtiga kirish uchun yetuklik attestati kerak.
	You need a school-leaving certificate to enter a high school.
	Boltaga sop kerak.
	The axe needs a handle.
	Shashilish kerak emas.
	There is no need to hurry.
	Sizga nima kerak?
	What do you need?
	adj | NX VY+ishi ~	(X) must Y
	Unga yordam berish kerak.
	He must be helped.
	Yo'l bermaslik kerak.
	It must not be allowed.
	keragicha	as necessary, as required
keraklik	n	necessity, need, requirement
kerakli	adj	necessary, needed
keraksiz	adj	unnecessary
LOZIM	n	necessity, need, requirement
	adj | NX+ga NY ~	(X) need Y
	Bu kitob o'zimga lozim.
	I need this book myself.
	adj | NX VY+ishi ~	(X) must Y
	Bu masala tez hal qilinishi lozim.
	This problem must be resolved quickly.
ZARUR	adj	necessary, essential
	Bu kitob sizga zarurmi?
	Do you need this book?
	Zarur vositalar.
	Essential measures.
zarurlik	n	necessity
zarurat	n	necessity, need
zaruriyat	n	necessity, need
ZOR	n	strong need	Authority
zoriq-	v.int | NX+ga ~	be in great need of X
DARKOR	n	necessity, need
	adj | NX+ga NY ~	(Y) be necessary, needed to X
SHART	n	condition (necessary for sth)	Circumstance & Causality
	NX VY+ishi ~	(X) have to Y (emphatic)
HOJAT	n	need, necessity, urge
	Xalqning hojatini qondirish kerak.
	It is necessary to satisfy the demands of the people.
	NX+ning NY+ga ~+i bor	X need Y
	NX+ning NY+ga ~+i yo'q	X have no need of Y
	Bu narsaning menga hojati yo'q.
	I have no need of this thing.
	Bu yerga kelishingizning hojati yo'q.
	There is no need for you to come here.
hojatli	adj	necessary
hojatsiz	adj	unnecessary
ASLO	adv (with neg.)	not at all, on no account, never
ZINHOR	adv (with neg.)	on no account
SIRA	adv (with neg.)	never	Frequency
qat'iyan	adv	definitely	Opinion
MUHTOJ	adj	needy, in need	Wealth
	NX+ga ~ (bo'l-)	need X, be in need of X
	Men sening yordamingga muhtojman.
	I need your assistance.
	Ahmad papirosga muhtoj bo'ldi.
	Ahmad needs some cigarettes.
	Men pulga muhtojman.
	I need money.
muhtojlik	n	need for X, lack of X
	Non va pulga muhtojlik chor Rossiyasida dehqonlarni shaharlarga haydadi.
	The lack of bread and money drove peasants in tsarist Russia to the cities.
muhtojsiz	adj	without any need
EHTIYOJ	n | NX+ga ~	needs, demands for X
	Xalqning moddiy va madaniy ehtiyojini qondirish kerak.
	The material and cultural needs of the people must be satisfied.
	NX+da NY+ga ~ bor	X (has) a need for Y
	Qariyada osoyishtalikka ehtiyoj bor.
	The old man has a need for a rest.
	NX uchun talab qil-	require, need for X	Authority
	Buning uchun siz nima talab qilasiz?
	What do you require for it?
KET-	v.int | NY uchun NX ~	need to take/spend X for Y	Entities & Events Motion Change
TALAB	n | NX+ga ~	demand for X	Authority
	Bu kitobga talab katta.
	There is a great demand for that book.
BURCH	n | (NX oldidagi) ~	duty, obligation (by X)
	U ota-onasini oldidagi burchini bajardi.
	He has done his duty by his parents.
	Biz o'z burchimizni o'tashimiz kerak.
	We must fulfil our obligation.
burchli	adj	indebted
majburiyat	n	duty	Necessity
navbatchi	n	(person) on duty	Military
navbatchilik	n	duty

Acts and Results

QIL-	v.t	do, make, perform	Necessity
	Bu ishni qiling!
	Do this work!
	Bu yerda nima qilib yuribsiz?
	What are you doing here?
	Yaxshi qildingiz!
	Well done!
	v.t | NX+ni NY ~	make X Y
qilin-	v.int	be done, be made, be performed
qilmish	n	action, conduct
ISH	n	matter, affair, business, thing	Entities & Events Work Undertaking Forces Trade Production Utilization
	Ishingizni qiling!
	Mind your own business!
	Ishning ichida ish bor.
	There is something behind this.
		work, job, task
	Ishim boshimdan ortib yotibdi.
	I am swamped with work.
	NX bilan ~+i bor	have business to do with X
	Bu odam bilan ishim bor.
	I have some business to do with this man.
	NX+ni ~+ga osh-	carry out X
	Bu qarorni ishga oshirish kerak.
	This resolution must be carried out.
	ish ko'r-	handle affairs, act
	ish tut-	handle affairs, act
ishla-	v.int	work
	NX ustida ~	work at X
	Yozuvchi bu kitob ustida bir necha yil ishlagan.
	The writer worked several years at this book.
	NX+ni ~+b chiq-	work X out, process, study X
	Men bu matnni jiddiy ishlab chiqdi.
	I have thoroughly studied this subject.
ishlat-	v.t	use, utilize, employ
ishchan	adj	hard-working, dynamic, resourceful
YUMUSH	n	work, job, task	Work
HARAKAT	n	movement, move	Motion Undertaking
	Ishchilar harakati.
	The workers' movement.
		action
	harakat qil-	act
	U o'zboshimcha harakat qilmoqda.
	He is acting independently.
	qarshi harakat qil-	react
harakatsiz	adj	inactive
harakatchan	adj	active
FAOL	adj	active
faoliyat	n	activity
	Shoirning hayoti va faoliyati.
	The life and work of the poet.
	Uning faoliyatidan xursand bo'ldim.
	I am pleased with his activity.
faoliyatli	adj	active, of action
faoliyatsiz	adj	inactive
AMAL	n	action, deeds	Firms Undertaking Thought
	So'zda emas amalda ish qilmoq kerak.
	Deeds are needed not words.
	amalda	in practice
	NX+ni amalga oshir-	bring about, realize X, put X into effect
	Sizning yordamingizsiz u o'z rejalarini amalga oshirolmas edi.
	Without your help she wouldn't realize her plans.
	Qonunni amalga oshirish kerak.
	The law must be put into effect.
	amal qil-	act, have an effect
	Dori amal qildi.
	The drug took effect.
	NX+ga amal qil-	act according to X, follow X, keep X, be ruled by X
	Mashq uchun berilgan ko'rsatmalarga amal qiling.
	Follow the instructions of the exercise.
	O'zbekistan respublikasi boshqa mamlakatlar bilan o'z munosabatlarida tinch-totuv yashash prinsiplariga amal qiladi.
	In its relations with the other countries the Republic of Uzbekistan is ruled by the principles of peaceful co-existence.
	Bu ishni qilishda qonunga amal qiling.
	When doing this job, act in accordance with the law.
amaliy	adj	practical
	Unga amaliy yordam kerak.
	He needs practical help.
amaliyot	n	practice
amalla-	v.int | NX bilan ~	come through all right, handle well, manage with X
	Men shu summa bilan amallayman.
	I manage with this sum.
tomonidan	post | NX+ning ~	by X (action performed thru X)
	Uy polisning tomonidan qurshab olindi.
	The house was surrounded by the police.
tarafidan	post | NX+ning ~	by X (action performed thru X)
	Hukumat tarafidan berilgan buyruq kuchga kirdi.
	The order given by the Government has come into force.
BEKOR	adj, n	idle(ness)	Undertaking Entities & Events Meaning
		useless(ness), empty, emptiness
	n	nothing
	bekorga	for nothing, in vain
	Sizga bu kitobni bekorga beraman.
	I will give you this book for nothing.
	bekorga ket-	be in vain
	So'zim bekorga ketdi.
	My words were in vain.
	bekor qil-/et-	cancel, rescind, annul
	Ular kontraktni bekor qilishdi.
	They have annuled the contract.
	Kechagi chiqarilgan qaror bekor qilindi.
	The decision which was given yesterday has been rescinded.
ZOYE	adv	in vain, at a loss	Utilization
	zoye bo'l-	be in vain, be wasted
	Qilgan ishimiz zoye bo'ldi.
	Our work was in vain.
	zoye ket-	be in vain, be wasted
	zoye qil-	waste, squander
	U pulini zoye qildi.
	He wasted his money.
BEHUDA	ad	useless, nonsensical	Meaning Intelligence
BEJIZ	ad	without a reason, aimless(ly)
	bejiz emas	not without reason
UCHUN	post | N(ish)X ~	for X (sake/purpose), in order to X	Circumstance & Causality
	Mening uchun beshta kitob olib keling!
	Bring me five books!
	Xolamni ko'rish uchun bordim.
	I went to see my aunt.
	post | N(gani)X ~	for X (reason), because of X
DE-	NX deb CY	Y with X in mind, Y for the sake of X	Authority Speach Language
NIYAT	n	intention, aim
	Kelgusi oyda ketish uchun niyatim bor.
	My intention is to leave next month.
	VX+ishga niyat qil-	intend to X, mean to X
	NX+ni niyat qil-	aim X
	AX niyat qil-	mean X, intend X
	U yaxshi niyat qiladi.
	He means well.
MAQSAD	n	purpose, goal, aim, intention
	maqsad+iga yet-	achieve one's aim
	Maqsadimga yetdim.
	I have achieved my aim.
	maqsad bilan	with a purpose
	Nima maqsad bilan bu yerga keldingiz?
	What was your purpose in coming here?
maqsadsiz	adj	aimless, purposeless
MUROD	n	wish, aim
	murod+iga yet-	achieve one's aim
MANZIL	n	goal, aim, destination	Travel
	Manzilga tongda yetib bordik.
	We reached our destination at dawn.
	manzil+iga yet-	attain one's goal
G'OYA	n	ideal, aim, object
g'oyali	adj	with ideals
g'oyaviy	adj	ideal
g'oyasiz	adj	with no ideal
qaratil-	N(ish)X+ga ~	be directed at X	Authority
	Bu muzokalar janjalli masalalari tinch yo'l bilan hal qilishga qaratilgan.
	These negociations are directed at the peaceful resolution of contentious issues.
NISHON	n	mark, sign	Meaning Social Symbols
		target
nishona	n	mark
JO'RTTAGA	adv	deliberately, intentionally
G'ARAZ	n	(evil) design, (ill) intent	Hatred
	VX+ishga g'araz qil-	have evil designs, ill intent to X
g'arazli	ad	intentional(ly), deliberate(ly)
g'arazsiz	ad	unintentionally, inadvertently
QASD	n	(evil) design; grudge	Hatred
	Menda nima qasdingiz bor?
	What grudge do you have against me?
qasdan	adv	intentionally, deliberately
LOYIHA	n	project, scheme, plan, design
loyihala-	v.t	plan, design
loyihachi	n	designer
REJA	n	plan, project, draft
	NX+ni ~+ga ol-	plan X
	Qilajak ishimizni rejaga oldik.
	We planned our future work.
rejali	adj	planned
rejasiz	adj	unplanned
rejalashtir-	v.t	plan
PROYEKT	n	project, design
XOMAKI	n	draft
PLAN	n	plan
planli	adj	planned
plansiz	adj	unplanned
planlashtir-	v.t	plan
	planlashtirish	planning
MO'LJAL	n | NX+ga ~	draft, plan for X	Military Thought
	Sizning yozga mo'ljalingiz qanday?
	What are your plans for summer?
	Mo'ljalingizda soat necha bo'ldi?
	What do you think is the time?
mo'ljalla-	v.t	draft, plan
mo'ljallan-	NX+ga ~	be intended for X, aimed at X
	Kitob keng kitobxonlar ommasiga mo'ljallangan.
	This book is intended for a large audience.
TASHABBUS	n	initiative, proposal, efforts
tashabbuskor	n	initiator, instigator, pioneer
tashabbuskorlik	n	initiative, venture, undertaking
	NX+ning old+ini ol-	prevent, pre-empt, avert X
	Kasalni davolashdan ko'ra, uning oldini olish osonroq.
	It is easier to avert an illness than to treat it.
	Bu xavfning biz qanday qilib oldini olishimiz mumkin?
	How can we avert this danger?
PROGRAMMA	n	program	Media
	kun tartibi	agenda
KUT-	v.t	wait for	Attention Invitation Surprise Opinion
	Meni shu yerda kutib tur!
	Wait for me here!
	Biz avtobusni uzoq vaqt kutdik.
	We waited a long time for the bus.
	Sizni iyun oyida kutaman.
	I will expect you in June.
	v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~	expect X from Y
kutil-	v.int	be waited for
kuttir-	v.t	keep sb waiting
POYLA-	v.t	wait for, await	Attention
poylat-	v.t	keep sb waiting
INTIZOR	adj | N(ish)X+ga ~	eagerly, anxiously, impatiently awaiting X	Character
	N(ish)X+ga ~ bo'l-	await X eagerly, anxiously, impatiently
	intizor qil-	oblige to wait
intizorlik	n	waiting (with impatience)
NAVBAT	n	turn	Evolution
		queue, line
	N(ish)X+ga ~+da tur-	stand in a line, in a queue for X
	Biz tushlik qilishga navbatda uzoq turmadik.
	We stood not long in the queue for dinner.
	U navbatda turyapti.
	She is standing in a queue.
	navbatdagi	following, next
KO'R-	v.int | VX+ib ~	try to X, attempt to X	Visits & Greetings Reflection Authority Vision Tourism
	Sigaretingizdan chekib ko'raychi.
	Let me try one of your cigarettes.
	U miltiqdan otib ko'ryapti.
	He is trying to fire a gun.
BOQ-	v.int | VX+ib ~	try to X, attempt to X	Vision Attention Vital Functions
	Kitobingizni o'qib boqaychi!
	Let me have a look at your book!
	harakat qil-	act	Action
	N(ish)X uchun harakat qil-	endeavour to X, try to X
	O'qishni shu yil tamom qilish uchun harakat qilaman.
	I will try to complete my studies this year.
	VX+ishga harakat qil-	endeavour to X, try to X, strive for X
	Men ikki xonali kvartira olishga harakat qilyapman.
	I am striving for a two-room flat.
urin-	v.int | VX+ishga ~	attempt to X, try to X
	Biz ishimizni o'z vaqtida bitirish uchun urinamiz.
	We are trying to finish our work on time.
	Bu uyni sotib olish uchun ko'p urindim.
	I tried very hard to buy this house.
	VX+ishga ~+ib ko'r-	attempt to X, try to X
	U kitoblari sonini oshirishga urinib ko'rdi.
	He attempted to increase the number of his books.
	urinish	attempt, try
TIRISH-	v.int | VX+ish uchun ~	try hard to X, endeavour to X	Character
	Vazifangizni o'z vaqtida bajarish uchun tirishing.
	Try to finish your task on time.
tirishqoq	adj	hardworking, diligent, assiduous
	zo'r ber-	make an effort, take the trouble to try
INTIL-	v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~	strive for X, attempt to X, have a leaning towards X, endeavour to X	Processes Will
	U bilimga intiladi.
	He strives for knowledge.
	Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlarining barcha xalqlari tinchlikka intiladilar.
	All people of Central Asia strive for peace.
	O'g'lingizda tarixni o'rganishga intilish bor.
	Your son has a leaning towards studying history.
	v.int | VX+gani ~	attempt to X
	Juvon shohni ushlagani ikki-uch intilib, ushlay olmadi.
	The young girl attempted to grab the branch two or three times, but could not.
	intilish	attempt, striving, yearning
	Hayotda go'zallikka intilish - bizning ulkan ehtiyojimizdir.
	The striving for the beautiful in life is our big requirement.
G'AYRAT	n	energy, willpower, zeal	Character
	Uning g'ayrati bor odam.
	He is an energetic man.
	N(ish)X uchun g'ayrat qil-	strive to X, endeavour to X
	Vazifangizni bajarish uchun g'ayrat qiling!
	Strive to do your duty!
g'ayratlan-	v.int	display vigour, bestir oneself
g'ayratlantir-	v.t	raise sb's spirit, cheer sb up
ishchan	adj	hard-working, dynamic, resourceful	Action
ishchanlik	n	dynamism, resourcefulness
QUNT	n	persistence, concentration
KURASH-	v.int	wrestle, fight	Fighting
	v.int | N(ish)X uchun ~	struggle, fight, strive for X
	Barcha mamlakatlarning progressiv yoshlari tinchlik uchun, yangi urushga qarshi kurashmoqdalar.
	The progressive young people of all countries fight for peace, against a new war.
	Paxta xosilini oshirish uchun kurashish uchun.
	One must strive to increase cotton production.
	NX uchun kurashish	struggle, fight for X
	Tinchlik uchun kurashish barcha yaxshi niyatli kishilar ishidir.
	The fight for peace is the cause of all people of good will.
NOMZOD	n	candidate	Organizations
	Bu kishi bizning nomzoddir.
	This man is our candidate.
nomzodlik	n	application
BEKOR	adj, n	idle(ness)	Action Entities & Events Meaning
bekorchi	n	idler, unoccupied person
bekorchilik	n	idleness, inactivity
TAYYOR	adj | N(ish)X+ga ~	ready, prepared for X
	Ota-ona hammavaqt har qanday fidokorlikka tayyor.
	The parents are always ready for any sacrifice.
	O'qituvchilar o'quvchilarga yordam berishga doim tayyor.
	The teachers are always ready to help pupils.
	Men har qanday tasodiflarga tayyor.
	I am ready to do anything.
	tayyor bo'l-	be ready, get ready, get prepared
	Ishimiz kecha tayyor bo'ldi.
	Our work was ready yesterday.
	tayyor qil-	prepare
	Bu ishni tayyor qiling!
	Prepare this work!
tayyorlik	n	preparations
tayyorla-	v.t	prepare
	Yerni ekishga tayyorlamoq.
	Prepare the land for sowing.
tayyorlan-	v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~	prepare (o.s) for X, get ready for X
	Imtihonga tayyorlanmoq.
	Prepare the exams.
tayyorgarlik	n	preparations
		readiness
HOZIR	adj | ~ (bo'l-)	be present, be ready	Time
	Ishni boshlashga hozirmiz.
	We are ready to start work.
	Soat beshda idorada hozir bo'ling!
	Be at the office at five o'clock.
hozirlik	n	preparations
	NX+ga ~ ko'r-	get ready for X
hozirla-	v.t	prepare, get ready
hozirlan-	v.int | NX+ga ~	prepare for X, get ready for X
kirish-	v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~	set about X, get down to X, start Xing	Horizontal Motion Evolution
	Qizlar tushlikdan so'ng yana ishga kirishdilar.
	After the dinner, the girls got down again to work.
OCH-	v.t	open, set up, start	Processes Reflection Vital Functions Processes
	Keksa professor kongressni ochdi.
	The old professor opened the congress.
	Yangi maktab ochdik.
	We opened the new school.
ASOS	n	basis, foundation, ground	Importance Thought Informing
	NX+ga ~ sol-	lay the foundations of X
asosla-	v.t	argue
		found, base, ground
	Siz o'z fikringizni asoslab bera olasizmi?
	Can you ground your opinion?
asoschi	n	founder
QO'ZG'A-	v.t	arouse, stir up, give rise to, cause	Motion
qo'zg'at-	v.t	arouse, stir up, give rise to, cause, excite
	Musobaqa tashabbuskorlikni qo'zg'atadi.
	The competition excites the initiative.
	v.t | NX+ni NY+da NZ bilan ~	arouse, stir up, cause X at Y with Z
	O'zining mulohazasi bilan u bizda shafqat qo'zg'atdi.
	She stired up sympathy at us with her remarks.
QO'Y-	v.t	put forward, give	Release Appliances
	O'g'lingizga qanday ot qo'ydingiz?
	What name did you give your son?
		put away, quit, give up
	Qo'ysangchi!
	Stop it!
	v.int | VX+ib ~	do X (and cause a result)
	O'g'lingiz maktabga kelmay qo'ydi.
	Your son has stopped attending school.
	Otamni otga mindirib qo'ydim.
	I helped my father mount the horse.
	v.int | VX+may ~	stop Xing
	yo'lga qo'y-	put into effect, implement
TASHLA-	v.t	throw, throw away	Release Exchange Will Clothing Motion
	VX+ib ~	do X quickly and thoroughly
	Daraxtni kesib tashladik.
	We cut up the tree.
	Ikki minut ichida bir varaq xat yozib tashladim.
	In two minutes I dashed off a letter of one page.
	O't olgan uyning eshiklarini ochib tashladik.
	We flung open the doors of the house which was on fire.
YUBOR-	v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~	send X to Y	Transfer
	VX+ib ~	do X suddenly and completely
	Bu ishni tezdan bitirib yuborish kerak.
	This work must be finished even quicker.
	U eshikni kuch bilan ochib yubordi.
	He burst the door open with force.
	U to'satdan kulib yubordi.
	He suddenly burst out laughing.
AMAL	amalga osh-	be completed	Action Firms
	NX+ni amalga oshir-	bring about, realize X, put X into effect
	Sizning yordamingizsiz u o'z rejalarini amalga oshirolmas edi.
	Without your help she wouldn't realize her plans.
	Qonunni amalga oshirish kerak.
	The law must be put into effect.
		implement, enforce X
BAJO	adj	not bad, okay
	bajo keltir-	fulfill, complete
BAJAR-	v.t	carry out, fulfill, complete
	Berilgan vazifani bajarish kerak.
	The set task must be fulfilled.
	Ishning to'qsan foizini bajardik.
	We have completed ninety percent of the work.
bajaril-	v.int	get carried out, fulfilled, completed
IJRO	n	execution, carrying out, fulfillment
	ijro et-/qil-	execute, carry out, fulfill
ijrochi	n	executant
ijroiya	adj	executive
ADO	n	fulfillment, carrying out
	ado et-/qil-	fulfill, carry out
O'TA-	v.t	carry out, fulfill
	NX+ning vazifasini o'ta-	serve as X
	Bu to'nog'ich bezak vazifasini o'taydi.
	This broch serves as an adornment.
TARAQQIY	adj	developing, progressing	Evolution
	taraqqiy qil-/et-	develop, progress, advance
taraqqiyot	n	development, progress, advancement
	Afrika mamlakatlari taraqqiyot uchun harakat etmoqdalar.
	The african countries are striving for progress.
	oldga sur-	push forward, advance
	oldga suril-	progress
	NX+ni olib bor-	conduct X, carry on X	Transfer
	NX+ni NY+ga olib bor-	fulfill X to Y(=degree of achievement)
MASHG'UL	adj | NX bilan ~ (bo'l-)	(be) busy with X	Learning
	Kitob o'qish bilan mashg'ulman.
	I am busy reading a book.
mashg'ulot	n	task, operation
		studies; classes
SHUG'ULLAN-	v.int | NX bilan ~	be engaged in X, go in for X; be busy with X, be occupied at X
	Siz ham savdo bilan shug'ullanasizmi?
	Are you also engaged in commerce?
	v.int | NX ustida ~	be engaged in X; be busy with X, be occupied at X
	Bu muammo ustida ko'p olimlar shug'ullanmoqda.
	Many scientists are engaged in this problem.
O'T-	v.int | (boshqa) NX+ga ~	change to (an other) X	Horizontal Motion Time Results Learning Travel Transfer Gatherings
o'tkaz-	v.int | (boshqa) NX+ga ~	go to (an other) X
ERISH-	v.int | NY+da NX+ga ~	achieve, obtain, attain X in Y, see X through
	Ishchilar yangi metod bilan yaxshi natijalarga erishtilar.
	The workers have attained good results by this new method.
	U o'z ishida yaxshi natijalarga erishdi.
	He achieved good results in his work.
QOZON-	v.t	gain, win, obtain	Exchange
	U xalq orasida shuhrat qozongan.
	He has won fame among the people.
NATIJA	n	result; conclusion	Circumstance & Causality
	N(gani)X ~+sida	as a result of X
	Yer qimirlash natijasida bir qancha uylar yakson bo'ldilar.
	As a result of the earthquake, several houses were destroyed.
	natija ber-	have, yield a result
	Kechagi ishimiz hech qanday natija bermadi.
	Our yesterday's work had no result at all.
	NX+da ~+ga erish-	achieve results in X
natijali	ad	effective(ly), with results
natijasiz	ad	ineffective(ly), without results
OQIBAT	n	result, end	Circumstance & Causality
oqibatli	adj	effective, with results
oqibatsiz	adj	vain, without results
MUVAFFAQ	VX+ishga ~ bo'l-	succeed in Xing, manage to X
	Parijga kelishga muvaffaq bo'ldim.
	I managed to come to Paris.
muvaffaqiyat	n | N(ish)X+ida ~	success in X, achievement in X
	Bu ishimizda muvaffaqiyatga ega bo'ldik.
	We were successful in this work of ours.
	n | NX bo'yicha ~	success in X, achievement in X
	U barcha fanlar bo'yicha yaxshi muvaffaqiyatlarga erishgan.
	He has good successes in all subjects.
	N(ish)X+ida ~+(lar)ga erish-	be successful, have success in X
	U hayotda yaxshi muvaffaqiyatlarga erishgan.
	He has good successes in life.
	muvaffaqiyat qozon-	succeed
muvaffaqiyatli	ad	successful(ly)
	muvaffaqiyatli chiq-	be successful (action)
muvaffaqiyatsiz	adj	unsuccessful
muvaffaqiyatsizlik	n	failure, setback
	muvaffaqiyatsizlikga uchra-	fail, be unsuccessful
MUYASSAR	n | N(ish)X+ga ~ bo'l-	succeed in X, obtain X, achieve X
yutuq	n	achievement, success
	Qo'lga kiritgan yutuqlarimizni mustahkamlaylik!
	Let us consolidate the achievements which we have in our grasp!
	NX+da ~ qozon-	succeed in X
yutuqli	adj	successful
	o'ngidan kel-	go ahead successfully (affairs)
ULGUR-	v.int | NX+ga ~	get to X, reach X in time, be in time for X	Horizontal Motion
	Men oxirgi poyezdga ulgurdim.
	I was in time for the last train.
	NX+ga ~+may qol-	miss X, be late for X
TEG-	NX+ga ~+may qol-	miss X	Processes Possession
epla-	v.t	manage to, do successfully
	qo'l+idan kel-	be able to manage	Ability
yetish-	v.int | NX+ga ~	attain X, catch up with X	Quantity Horizontal Motion
	NX+dan ~+ib ol-	catch up with X
	Viktor matematikadan yetishib oldi.
	Victor has catched up with the mathematics.
tugat-	v.t	finish, complete, put an end to	Learning Evolution
		liquidate, wipe out
	Vazirlik trestda bir necha bo'limlarni tugatdi.
	The Ministry has liquidated several departments in the trust.
BARTARAF	bartaraf bo'l-	end, get settled
	bartaraf qil-	end, settle, get rid of
YENG-	v.t	overcome	Victory & Defeat
	Bizning xalqimiz har qanday qiyinchiliklarni yengadi.
	Our people overcome every difficulties.
O'T-	v.int	be valid, be effective, have market	Horizontal Motion Time Learning Undertaking Travel
	Bu mollar o'tmaydi.
	These goods have no market.
OL-	VX+ib ~	X for one's own benefit / suffering	Ability Transfer Prehension Exchange Toilet Media
	Etigimni kiyib oldim.
	I have my boots on.
	Men yozib oldim.
	I wrote it down.
	Sutni qoldirmay, ichib ol!
	Don't leave the milk, drink it up!
BER-	v.int | VX+ib ~	X for s.o. else's benefit, assistance	Evolution Exchange
	U bu bolaga kitob o'qib berdi.
	He read a book to this child.
	Unga xat yozib berdim.
	I wrote a letter for him.
FOYDA	n	advantage, benefit, profit	Finance Utilization
	NX+ning ~+siga bo'l-	be to the advantage of X
	foyda chiqar-	take advantage of
	foyda keltir-	bring benefit, help
	foyda qil-	bring benefit, help
	Bu dora foyda qildi.
	This medicine brought some benefit.
foydali	adj	advantageous, beneficial, useful to X, stand X in good stead
	Otamning maslahati men uchun foydali bo'ldi.
	My father's advice stood me in good stead.
	NX+da ~ bo'l-	prove effective by X
	Ishlab chiqarishning yangi metodi bizda juda foydali bo'ldi.
	The new method of production proved highly effective by us.
foydasiz	adj	without advantage, not beneficial, useless
befoyda	adj	without advantage, not beneficial, useless
foydalan-	v.int | NX+dan (N(ish)Y uchun) ~	take advantage of X, use, make use of X, utilize X (for Y), handle X
	Uyni yig'ishtirish vaqtida bir changyutgichdan foydalanamiz.
	During the cleaning we make use of a vacuum cleaner.
	Sen termometrdan ehtiyotlik bilan foydalanishing kerak.
	You must handle the thermometer carefully.
	Men bo'sh vaqtimdan o'qish uchun foydalanaman.
	I use my free time for reading.
MANFAAT	n	interest, profit, benefit
	Davlat manfaatidan o'z manfaatini afzal ko'radigan hodimlar bor.
	There are some officials who put their own interest before that of the state.
	o'z+ining manfaatga	to one's advantage
manfaatli	adj	advantageous, interesting
manfaatsiz	adj	without advantage, uninteresting
manfaatparast	n	person looking for advantages
manfaatdor	n | N(ish)X+dan ~	beneficiary from X, (person) interested in X, concerned by X
	Bu muammoni tez hal qilinishdan hammamiz manfaatdormiz.
	We all are interested on a prompt decision on this problem.
	Biz bu yangi ishdan juda manfaatdormiz.
	We all are profoundly interested in this new work.
YUT-	v.t	win	Sport Exchange
	v.t | NX+dan ~	gain, benefit from X
	Bundan men hech narsa yutmayman.
	I have nothing to gain from this.
	U ot chopish o'yinidan 100 000 so'm yutdi.
	He won 100,000 som at the horse races.
NAF	n	worth, value, benefit
	N(ish)X+dan ~ ol-	benefit from X
nafsiz	adj	without value, not beneficial
SAMARA	n	result, fruit, product
samarali	adj	fruitful, profitable, efficient
samarasiz	adj	fruitless, unprofitable, inefficient
YORDAM	NX+ga N(ish)Y+da ~ ber-	bring benefit to X, promote X	Participation
	Savdo aloqalari xalqlarni bir-birlarini tushunishlariga yordam beradi.
	The commercial contacts promote mutual understanding among the people.
ZARAR	n	harm, damage, loss
	Zarari yo'q!
	It doesn't matter!
	NX+ga ~ yetkaz-	harm to X; injure X
	Chekish sog'liqqa zarar yetkazadi.
	Smoking harms to the health.
	Bu bizning manfaatlarimizga zarar yetkazadi.
	This injures our interests.
	NX+ga ~ ber-	harm X
	U ishimizga zarar berdi.
	He did our business harm.
	zarar tort-	lose, get damage
	zarar keltir-	cause damage
	NX+dan ~ ko'r-	be damaged by X
	Xastalikdan uning sog'lig'i zarar ko'rdi.
	His health was damaged by an illness.
	zarar qil-	lose, get damage
	Kecha savdodan 100 000 so'm zarar qildim.
	I lost 100,000 som in business yesterday.
zararli	adj	harmful, detrimental
zararsiz	adj	harmless
ZIYON	n	loss, damage, harm	Finance
	NX+dan ~ ko'r-	suffer loss, damage in X
	U savdodan ziyon ko'rdi.
	He suffered a loss in trade.
	NX+dan ~ tort-	suffer loss, damage in X
	ziyon keltir-	cause damage
	ziyon tort-	sustain loss (in business)
	NX+dan ziyon qil-	suffer loss, damage in X
ziyonli	adj	harmful, detrimental
ziyonsiz	adj	harmless
TALAFOT	n	loss, damage, harm
	talafot ko'r-	suffer loss, damage
FIDO	n	sacrifice
	fido qil-/et-	sacrifice oneself
fidokor	adj	devoted
fidokorlik	n	self-sacrifice, abnegation
QURBON	n	sacrifice, offerings	Victory & Defeat Religion
		victime, martyr
	qurbon bo'l-	sacrifice oneself, be sacrificed
	U ozodlik yo'lida qurbon bo'ldi.
	He sacrificed himself for freedom.
	NX+ni NY uchun qurbon qil-	sacrifice X for Y
	O'z hayotini vatan ozodligi uchun qurbon qildi.
	He has sacrificed his life for the freedom of his native land.
	U hayvonni qurbon qildik.
	We sacrificed that animal.
BUNYOD	bunyod bo'l-	appear, be created	Entities & Events
	bunyod qil-	make appear, create
bunyodkor	n	creator
bunyodkorlik	n	creation
YARAT-	v.t	create, compose, produce; write (literature)
	Bu yozuvchi qishloq hayoti haqida roman yaratdi.
	This writer has written a novel about the village life.
	Bu asarni u yaratdi.
	He created this work.
yaratil-	v.int	be created, be composed, be produced
yaratuvchi	n	creator, composer
IJOD	n	creation, invention
	ijod et-/qil-	create, invent
	Fizika olimlari atom bombasini ijod qildilar.
	Physicists created the atom bomb.
ijodiy	adj	creative, inventive
ijodiyot	n	creation
ijodkor	n	creator, inventor
ijodkorlik	n	creativeness, inventiveness
IXTIRO	n	invention
	ixtiro qil-/et-	invent
ixtirochi	n	inventor
YASA-	v.t	make, construct	Characteristics
yasama	adj	man-made, artificial, false
QUR-	v.t	build, construct (l/f)	Order & Composition Buildings & Works Industry
	U uy qurmoqda.
	He is building a house.
	qayta qur-	rebuild, reconstruct
quril-	v.int	be built, in construction
	v.int | NX+dan ~	be constituted, composed, made up of X
qurilish	n	building, construction (l/f)
quruvchi	n	builder, constructor (l/f)
rivojlantir-	v.t	develop; foster, promote	Evolution
	O'zbekiston xalqlari qo'shni mamlakatlar xalqlari bilan o'z madaniy aloqalarini rivojlantirmoqdalar.
	The people of Uzbekistan promotes its cultural relations with the peoples of neighbouring countries.
OBOD / OBODON	adj	prosperous, flourishing	Wealth
	obod qil-	develop, make prosperous
obodonlik	n	development
obodlashtir-	v.t	develop
obodonchilik	n	development
TUZ-	v.t	draw up, form, make, construct	Order & Composition
	U gapni noto'g'ri tuzgan.
	He constructed the sentence wrongly.
	Davlat tuzish uchun kurashamiz.
	We are fighting to form a government.
	Ish planini tuzish kerak.
	A plan of work must be drawn up.
NAMUNA	n, adj	model, example	Copy & Adaptation Social Symbols
	NX+ga ~ bo'l-	be an example to X
	Tashkilot a'zolari boshqalarga namuna bo'lishlari kerak.
	Members of an organization must be an example to others.
	NX+dan ~ ol-	take X as an example
	Undan namuna oling!
	Follow his example!
namunali	adj	model, exemplary
O'RNAK	n	example, model	Copy & Adaptation
	NX uchun ~	model, example for X
	Bu o'quvchi hamma uchun o'rnakdir.
	This pupil is a good example for all.
	Bu talaba boshqalarga nisbatan o'rnak bo'ldi.
	This student was an example to the others.
	NX+ga ~ bo'l-	be a model, an example for X
	Boshqalarga o'rnak bo'ling.
	Be a model for others.
IBRAT	n | NX+dan ~ ol-	take X as an example, learn from X
o'xshat-	v.int | NX+ga ~	imitate X	Identity & Difference
TAQLID	n	copy, imitation	Copy & Adaptation
	NX+ga taqlid qil-	copy X, imitate X
	Bu bola hayvonlar ovoziga ustalik bilan taqlid qiladi.
	This boy imitates skillfully the voices of animals.
taqlidiy	adj	imitative
taqlidchi	n	imitator
O'RIN (o'rn+i)	NX+ning o'rn+ida	in X's place	Administration Housing Location Tools & Furnitures Change Necessity
TUT-	v.t	hold, keep (l/f)	Prehension Location
		maintain, preserve
SAQLA-	v.t	keep, guard, safeguard, take care of	Attention
	Bu kitobni saqlab qo'ying!
	Take care of this book please!
	Soqchilarimiz chegarani saqlamoqdalar.
	Our guards are guarding the frontiers.
		keep, observe (rules)
	v.t | NX+dan ~	save, preserve, protect from X
	NX+ning jon+ini ~	save X's life
	NX+ni NY+dan ~+b qol-	save X from Y, preserve X from Y
	U mening hayotimni saqlab qoldi.
	He has saved me the life.
	Uni xavfdan saqlab qoldim.
	I saved him from danger.
saqlan-	v.int	be saved, preserved, kept
	Oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari sovuq joyda saqlanadi.
	The food products are kept in a cold place.
	Bu yaxshi saqlangan narsa.
	This is a well-kept article.
	v.int | N(ish)X+dan ~	take precautions, guard against X, beware of X
	Har kim shamollashdan saqlanishi kerak.
	Everyone has to beware of chill.
	Bu odamdan saqlaning.
	Beware of this man.
HIMOYA	n	protection, defence, support	Fighting
	U Fransiyaning himoyasi ostida.
	He is under the protection of France.
	NX+ni NY+dan himoya qil-	protect, defend X from Y, support X against Y
	NX+ni himoya qil-	protect X, guarantee X
	Ijtimoiy tartibimiz erkaklar bilan xotin-qizlar o'rtasidagi teng huquqlilikni himoya qiladi.
	Our social system guarantees the equality of man and woman.
himoyasiz	adj	defenceless, helpless
QUTQAR-	v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~	save, preserve, rescue, deliver X from Y
	Askar bolani o't ichidan qutqarib olib chiqdi.
	The soldier have saved a child from the fire.
	Cho'ldagi quduq jonni qutqaradi.
	A well in the desert saves lives.
	qutqarib qol-	save, preserve (life,...)
qutqaruvchi	n	saviour; rescuer
OMON	adj	safe, unharmed
	omon bo'l-	be safe, unharmed
omonlik	n	safety
omonsiz	adj	with no safety
BOSHPANA	n	shelter, refuge (l/f)	Urbanism
TUZA-	v.t	arrange, decorate, adorn	Tools & Furnitures Health Fabrics & Sewing
	U uyni tuzayapti.
	She is redecorating the house.
tuzal-	v.int	recover (from an illness)
		get better; be mended, be repaired
	Avtomobilingiz tuzaldimi?
	Has your car been repaired?
tuzat-	v.t	arrange, tidy
		repair, mend, fix
	Uning o'zi velosipedni tuzatib oldi.
	He has repaired the bicycle himself.
	Radiosini tuzatyapti.
	He is repairing his radio.
		correct
	Men hamma xatolarni tuzatdim.
	I have corrected all the mistakes.
	Bu yozuvdagi xatolarni tuzatish kerak.
	The mistakes in this letter must be corrected.
tuzatish	n	proof(s), correction(s)
	Bosmaxonadan kelgan tuzatishni ko'rib chiqdim.
	I looked through the proofs from the printers.
	NX+ni qaytadan tuzat-	alter
	Ayol o'z ko'ylagini qaytadan tuzatdi.
	The woman has altered her dress.
	NX+ni qaytadan ishla-	rework, alter
	Rejissyor romanni qaytadan ishlab, ssenariy yozdi.
	The producer has altered the novel to a screen version.
REMONT	n	repair(s), maintenance
	remont qil-	repair, mend, fix
TA'MIR	n	repair(s), mending, reconstruction, restoring
ta'mirla-	v.t	repair, mend, reconstruct, restore
to'g'rila-	v.t	correct, put right	Truth
	v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~	tune X to Y, turn in X to Y
	Siz priyomnikni qisqa to'lqinga to'g'riladingizmi?
	Have you turned in the radio to the short waves?
tikla-	v.t	restore
	NX+ning o'rn+ini qopla-	take up for X
	Men bekor o'tgan vaqtning o'rnini qoplashim kerak.
	I must take up for the lost time.
	NX+ning o'rn+ini to'ldir-	make up for X
	Sen bekor ketgan vaqtning o'rnini to'ldirishing kerak.
	You must make up for the time.
mukammallashtir-	v.t	perfect	Value
	ishdan chiq-	be out of order
	NX+ni ishdan chiqar-	damage, upset X
	Bunchalik ko'p muzqaymoq yema, bo'lmasa qozonni ishdan chiqarasan.
	Don't eat so much ice, or you will upset your stomach.
YO'QOT-	v.t	lose	Exchange
		eliminate, abolish, put to an end
yo'qotil-	v.int	be eliminated, be abolished
	NX+ni yo'q qil-	destroy, annihilate X, wipe X out
	O't o'rmonning ko'p qismini yo'q qildi.
	The fire has destroyed the greater part of the forest.
	U pulni yo'q qildi.
	He squandered the money.
	yo'q qilib tashla-	destroy, annihilate, wipe out
tozala-	v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~	clean X from Y (l/f)	Housework
	Men o'z kiyimimni loydan tozaladim.
	I cleared my dress from grime.
	Soldatlar o'rmonni dushmandan tozaladilar.
	The soldiers cleared the forest from the enemy.
YEMIR-	v.t	destroy, smash, erode
yemiril-	v.int	be destroyed, smashed, eroded
yemiruvchi	n	destroyer
BUZ-	v.t	break, destroy, demolish, ruin	Processes Criminality Emotions
	Bu eski uyni buzaman.
	I will demolish the old house.
		spoil, corrupt
buzil-	v.int	be broken, destroyed, ruined, out of order
		be spoilt, corrupted
YAKSON	yakson bo'l-	get destroyed
	yakson qil-	destroy, devastate, ruin
VAYRON	adj	destroyed, devastated
	vayron bo'l-	get destroyed, devastated
	Urush vaqtida ko'p shaharlar vayron bo'ldi.
	During the war, many cities were destroyed.
	vayron qil-	destroy, devastate, ruin
	Askarlar shaharni vayron qildilar.
	Soldiers destroyed the city.
	U ko'nglini vayron qildi.
	He broke her heart.
vayrona	n	ruins
vayronalik	n	destruction, devastation, ruin
XONAVAYRON	adj	ruined, destroyed
	xonavayron bo'l-	be ruined, destroyed
	xonavayron qil-	ruin, destroy
XAROB	adj	ruined, collapsed, destroyed	Urbanism
	xarob bo'l-	get ruined, destroyed, damaged
	xarob qil-	ruin, destroy, damage
xaroba	n	ruins
xaroblik	n	destruction, devastation
xaroblash-	v.int	get ruined, destroyed
MAHV	mahv (bo'l-)	(get) annihilated, eliminated, destroyed
	mahv et-/qil-	annihilate, eliminate, destroy
BARHAM	NX+ga barham ber-	eliminate X, put an end to X
	Vaqtni to'g'ri taqsimlash vaqt yetishmaligika barham beradi.
	The correct distribution of time eliminates the shortage of time.
SHIKAST	adj	damaged, broken, injured, hurt	Health
shikastla-	v.t	damage, break, injure
	NX+ning jon+iga teg-	nag X, bother X, annoy X, get X in trouble, tire X	Emotions
	O'yin bolaning joniga tegdi va u kitob o'qiyotgan opasining yoniga bordi.
	The child was tired of playing and went to his sister who was reading a book.
VAZIFA	n	task, mission, responsability
	U kotiblik vazifasida ishlaydi.
	She is working as a clerk.
		assignment
	Bu vazifaning muddatini uzaytirish kerak.
	The term of this assignment must be extended.
	N(ish)X ~+si	responsability of X
	~ topshir-	give a task, the responsability
	Bu uyning qurush vazifasini sizga topshiraman.
	I give you the responsability of building this house.
	~ ber-	give a task, the responsability
	U vaqtda bu vazifani menga beringiz!
	In that case give me the task!
TOPSHIR-	v.t | NX+ni NY+ga ~	hand over, deliver X to Y	Exchange
		entrust, charge Y with X, trust, assign X to Y
	O'qituvchi unga muhim vazifani topshirdi.
	The teacher charged him with an important mission.
	Bu ishni qilish sizga topshirildi.
	You are entrusted to do this mission.
topshiriq	n	task, mission
yukla-	v.t | N(ish)X+ni NY+ga ~	entrust Y with X	Appliances Prehension
	Hukumat memorandum topshirishni o'z elchisi zimmasiga yuklagan.
	The government entrusted his ambassador with the handling of the memorandum.
KOMANDIROVKA	n	mission
	komandirovkaga bor-	go on a mission, an assignment
javobgar	adj | NX uchun / NX+ga ~	responsible for X	Justice
	U ish uchun javobgar.
	He is responsible for the work.
	U ishchilar uchun javobgar.
	He is responsible for the workers.
	Men bu ishga javobgarman.
	I am responsible for this.
		guilty
javobgarlik	n | NX uchun ~	responsibility for X
	U uchun javobgarlik mening zimmamga yuklangan.
	The responsibility for him rests with me.
MAS'UL	n	person in charge	Organizations
	adj	responsible
mas'uliyat	n | N(ish)X ~+i	responsibility of X
	Idorani boshqarish mas'uliyati mening ustimda.
	The responsability of running the office lies with me.
mas'uliyatli	adj	of responsibility
mas'uliyatsiz	adj	without responsibility
mas'uliyatsizlik	n	irresponsibility
ZIMMA	n	responsability, charge
	NX+ni NY+ning ~+siga yukla-	put Y in charge of X
	N(ish)X+ni NY+ga havola qil-	charge Y to X, entrust Y with X
	NX+ga havola qil-	direct to X; appeal to X
	Hukumat jamoatchilik fikriga havola qildi.
	The government appealed to the public opinion.
	NX+ning vazifa+sini vaqtincha bajar-	act for X
	Sizning boshlig'ingiz vazifasini hozir vaqtincha kim bajaryapti?
	Who acts for your chief at the time?
	NX+ni NY+ga jalb et-/qil-	enlist X to Y	Emotions
	Men uni bu ishga jalb etaman.
	I will enlist him in this work.
kelish-	v.int | NX+ga ~	agree, reach an agreement on X	Copy & Adaptation Horizontal Motion Agreement
	Ular bilan kelishish mumkin emas.
	It is not possible to come to any agreement with them.
	NX bilan N(ish)Y to'g'risida ~	agree, make arrangements with X about Y
	U o'z do'stlari bilan Chimyonga borish to'g'risida kelishdi.
	He made arrangements with his friends about a trip to Chimyon.
	NX bilan N(ish)Y haqida ~+ib ol-	agree, make arrangements with X about Y
	Men sizlar bilan bu haqda kelishib olishim kerak.
	I have to make arrangements with you about it.
	NX+ni ~+ib ol-	agree on X, coordinate X
	Siz yo'lga chiqish kuningizni kelishib oldingizmi?
	Have you already coordinated the date of your departure?
QATNASH-	v.int | NX+ga ~	take part, participate in X, attend, join in X	Gatherings
	Bugungi yig'ilishga qatnashasizmi?
	Are you going to attend today's meeting?
	v.int | NX+da ~	attend X, be present at X
	Ko'p o'quvchilar internasional do'stlik mitingida qatnashdilar.
	Many pupils were present at the meeting of international friendship.
	qatnashish	participation
qatnashchi	n	participant
qatnashuv	n | NX+da ~	participation, attendance at X
	Uning munozarada qatnashuvi zarur edi.
	His participation in the discussion was necessary.
qatnashuvchi	n	participant
ISHTIROK	n | N(ish)X+da ~	participation, attendance to X	Gatherings
	Bizning birgalashib qilayotgan ishimizda uning ishtiroki haqiqatan ham katta bo'ldi.
	His participation in our teamwork was really big.
	Maktab mudirlari va o'qituvchilarning ishtirokida yig'ilish bo'ldi.
	There was a meeting attended by head teachers and school teachers.
	N(ish)X+da ishtirok et-/qil-	participate to X, attend X
	Kechagi yig'ilishga o'n kishi ishtirok etdi.
	Ten people attended yesterday's meeting.
ishtirokchi	n	participant
DAVOMAT	n	presence, attendance
	NX+ga kelmay qol-	miss X, not come to X
	Darslarga kelmay qolmanglar!
	Don't miss the lessons!
	NX+ga quloq qoq-	respond to X, react to X
	U quloq qoqmadi.
	He did not respond.
javoban	adv | NX+ga ~	in answer/response to X	Informing
ARALASH-	v.int | NX+ga ~	get mixed up with X	Identity & Difference
		take part in X, interfere in X, meddle with X
	Har ikkala davlat bir-birlarining ichki ishlariga aralashmaslikni o'z zimmasiga oldi.
	Both countries pledged themselves not to interfere in the domestic affairs of each other.
	Birovning ishiga aralashma!
	Mind your own business!
	Bu ishga aralashma!
	Don't interfere in this matter.
	oraga chiq-	not interfere
	oraga kir-	interfere, bother about
	Siz oraga kirmang!
	Don't interfere!
	NX+ga kun berma-	bother X, not leave X in peace
	U menga kun bermadi.
	He doesn't give me any space.
	chetda qol-	keep out of things, stay on the sidelines	Opportunity
	(o'z+ini) chetga tort-	keep out of things, stay on the sidelines
	NX+dan o'z+ini chetga tort-	dissociate from X
	Sen bu odamlardan o'zingni chetga tortishing kerak.
	You must dissociate from this people.
YORDAM	n	help, assistance	Medicine Interest Occupations
	U yordamga muhtoj.
	He needs help.
	NX+ga N(ish)Y+da ~ ber-	help X in Y, with Y
	O'g'il otasiga ishda yordam berdi.
	The son helped the father with the work.
	Unga yordam bering.
	Please help him.
	NX+ga ~ ko'rsat-	give help to X, render assistance to X
	tez yordam	first aid
	NX+ga NY+dan yordam qil-	help X out with Y
	Siz menga benzindan yordam qila olmaysizmi?
	Can you help me out with petrol?
yordamsiz	adj	helpless
yordamlash-	v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga ~	help X in Y
yordamchi	n	helper
		assistant, auxiliary
KO'MAK	n	help, assistance	Occupations
ko'maklash-	v.int	help, assist
	o'zara ko'maklash-	help, assist each other
ko'makchi	n	helper
		assistant
MADAD	n	help, assistance
	NX+ga ~ ber-	help X, assist X
HASHAR	n	mutual help, collective work	Work
DOD	dod sol-	call for help	Criticism Justice
	U dod solyapti.
	He is calling for help.
	int | dod!	help!
	Dod, qorovul yordam bering!
	Help, police, help me!
va'dalash-	v.int | NX bilan NY haqida ~	arrange with X for Y	Honesty
	Men Viktor bilan uchrashuv haqida va'dalashib oldim.
	I have arranged with Victor for a meeting.
	NX+ga qo'shilgan hissa	contribution to X
	Hukumatimizning qurolsizlanish bo'yicha takliflari tinchlikni saqlash ishiga qo'shilgan muhim hissadir.
	The suggestions of our government for disarmament are a valuable contribution to the preservation of peace.
SHERIK	n	partner	Social Life
		friend, comrade, companion
	NX+ga ~ bo'l-	be partner with X
sheriklash-	v.int	cooperate
sherikchilik	n	partnership
		good-companionship
HAMKOR	n	collaborator	Work
	U gazetamizning hamkori.
	He is a collaborator on our paper.
hamkorlik	n	cooperation
	NY bo'yicha NX bilan hamkorlik qil-	cooperate with X in Y
	O'zbekiston hayotning barcha sohalari bo'yicha qo'shni davlatlar bilan yaqindan hamkorlik qiladi.
	Uzbekistan collaborates with the neighbouring countries in all spheres of life.
SAFARBAR	adj	mobilized
	safarbar qil-	mobilize
safarbarlik	n	mobilization
TARAF	n	side (one of two opposite sides)	Distance
		side, party
	NX+ning ~+idan	on behalf of X
betaraf	adj	neutral, abstainer
betaraflik	n	neutrality, abstention, non-participation
tarafdor	n	supporter, partisan, (be) seconding
	O'zbekiston umumiy va yalpi qurolsizlanish tarafdoridir.
	Uzbekistan seconds a universal and absolute disarmament.
NOM	NX+ning nom+idan	on behalf on X	Language
	NX+ga yon bos-	side with X, support X
	Karim unga yon bosdi.
	Karim sided with him.
MASLAHAT	n	advice	Occupations
	U maslahatimni qabul qildi.
	He took my advice.
	NY+ga VX+ishni ~ ber-	advise X to Y, give X advice to Y
	Men senga shu filmni ko'rishni maslahat beraman.
	I advise you to see this film.
	NY+ga VX+ishni ~ berma-	dissuade Y from X
	Bu sayohatga borishni men unga maslahat bermadim.
	I have dissuaded him from this journey.
	CY deb NX+ga ~ ber-	advise X to Y
	Texnika bilimini o'rganing deb unga maslahat berdim.
	I advised him to study technology.
	NX+dan ~ so'ra-	ask advice from X
	NX bilan maslahat qil-	consult X
	Bu maqolani yozuvda uning bilan maslahat qildim.
	I consulted him while writing this article.
	NX+ga maslahat qil-	consult X
maslahatlash-	v.int | NY haqida NX bilan ~	consult X, ask advice from X about Y
	NY haqida NX bilan ~+ib ol-	consult X, ask advice from X about Y
	O'quvchilar bo'lajak yig'ilish haqida o'qituvchilar bilan maslahatlashib oldilar.
	The pupils consulted the teacher about the forthcoming meeting.
maslahatchi	n	adviser; consultant, counselor
KONSULTANT	n	consultant	Occupations
KONSULTATSIYA	n	advice, consultation
	NX+dan ~ ol-	consult X
	Siz terapevtdan konsultatsiya olishingiz kerak.
	You have to consult a therapeutist.
KENGASH	n	council, advice	Administration
	NX+ga yo'l o'rgat-	give X advice
	Unga yo'l o'rgatdim.
	I gave him some advice.
	yo'ldan chiqar-	mislead
	Uni yo'ldan chiqardim.
	I misled him.
TAVSIYA	n	recommendation
	Mening tavsiyamni qabul qiling.
	Accept my recommendation.
	N(ishi)X+ni NY+ga tavsiya et-/qil-	recommend Y X, Y to do X, advise Y to do X
	Iltimos, menga bironta qiziq kitobni tavsiya qilsangiz.
	Please recommend me an interesting book.
	Men senga shu kostyumni olishni tavsiya qilaman.
	I advise you to buy this costume.
	Bu kishining ishga olishingizni tavsiya qilaman.
	I recommend you to employ this man.
TAQDIM	n	recommendation	Exchange
	NX+ni NY+ga taqdim et-/qil-	recommend X to Y
		offer, present, donate X to Y
NASIHAT	n	advice, lecture, sermon	Criticism
	nasihat qil-	advise, sermonize

Circumstances

FURSAT	n	opportunity, chance
	Fursatdan foydalanishimiz kerak.
	We must make use of the opportunity.
	fursatdan foydalan-	seize the opportunity
TAVAKKAL	adv	chancing
	tavakkal qil-	take a chance, risk
tavakkalchi	n	daring person
IMKON	NY+ga V(ish)X+ga ~ ber-	make X possible to Y, enable X for Y, permit Y to X	Ability Probability Truth
	Uning sog'ligi unga sportning istagan turi bilan shug'ullanishga imkon beradi.
	His health permits him to indulge in sport.
	V(ish)X+ga ~ ber-	make X possible, enable X
	Bu qonun mamlakatning demokratik rivojlana olishiga imkon tug'dirdi.
	This law made possible the democratic development of the country.
imkoniyat	n	possibility, opportunity
	N(ish)X munosabat+i bilan	on the occasion of X
YO'LAKAY	adv	on the way
	yo'l-yo'lakay	on the way, unexpectedly
	NX+ning old+ida tur-	lie in front of X, be in store for X
	Bu lavozimda uning oldida ko'p qiyinchiliklar turadi.
	On this position many difficulties are in store for him.
	kezi kelganda	some time	Time
QOL-	v.int | NX+dan ~	lose X(=opportunity, ability)	Acceptance & Pardon Motion Change
	U ko'zdan qoldi.
	He lost his sight.
	U nazardan qoldi.
	He fell from favour.
PAYT	n	(opportune) moment	Time
	Hozirgi paytdan foydalanishimiz kerak.
	We must make use of the present time.
VAQT	n	time	Time Necessity
	o'z vaqtida	on time, in time
	Bu ishni o'z vaqtida bitirdim.
	I finished this work on time.
vaqtsiz	adj	untimely
bemahal	adj	untimely, inopportune
BAHONA	n	pretext, excuse
	Mening bahonam shu.
	My excuse is this.
	N(ish)X ~+sida	under the pretext of X
	N(ish)X ~+si bilan	under the pretext of X
	Maktabga borish bahonasi bilan, kinoga ketdi.
	He went off to the cinema, pretending he was going to school.
	CX deb bahona qil-	pretend X
	Shaharga boraman deb bahona qildim.
	He pretended he was going to town.
VAJ	n	excuse, reason
	VX+ishi uchun ~ ko'rsat-	make an excuse to
	Men da'vat etilgan yerga bormasligim uchun vaj ko'rsatdim.
	I made an excuse not to go to the place to which I was invited.
	VX+ishi uchun ~ top-	find an excuse to
	Men ishga kelmasligim uchun vaj topishim kerak.
	I must find an excuse not to go to work.
vajsiz	ad	for no reason, arbitrari(ly)
QOCH-	v.int | N(ish)X+dan ~	flee X, run away from X	Fighting Motion with
		avoid X
	Bu iboradan qoching.
	Avoid this expression.
	Men u bilan uchrashishdan qochaman.
	I avoid meeting him.
	Men jon deb bu suhbatdan qochgan bo'lar edim.
	I would like to avoid this conversation.
	NX+dan ~+ib ket-	escape X, evade X
	NX+dan o'z+ini olib ~	avoid X
	U o'rtoqlaridan, hatto mendan ham o'zini olib qochadi.
	He avoids his friends, even me.
	U bekorga undan o'zini olib qochar edi.
	He avoided for nothing a meeting with her.
qochir-	v.t	let escape
	NX+ni qo'ldan berib qo'y-	miss
	Sen bu imkoyatni qo'ldan berib qo'yishing mumkin.
	You can miss this opportunity.
	NX+ni qo'ldan qochir-	miss X
	Bu fursatni qo'ldan qochirmang!
	Don't miss this opportunity!
	chetda qol-	keep out of things, stay on the sidelines	Participation
	(o'z+ini) chetga tort-	keep out of things, stay on the sidelines
	NX+dan o'z+ini chetga tort-	avoid X
	Yozuvchi birorta ham hayotiy masaladan o'zini chetga tortmasligi kerak.
	The writer must not avoid any question.
chetla-	chetlab o't-	flee; evade, elude	Numbers Horizontal Motion
GAROV	n	pawn, guarantee	Business
		bet
	garov bog'lash-	bet, wager
	Uning bilan garov bog'lashdim.
	I had a bet with him.
	garov o'yna-	bet, wager
	NX yuz+i ko'r-	get access to X
BAXT	n	good fortune, luck, happiness	Emotions
	NX+ga ~ kel-	X be lucky
	Unga baxt keldi.
	He is lucky.
	NX+ga ~ keltir-	bring luck to X
	baxtga qarshi	unfortunately
	baxt+i qora	unlucky, born unlucky
	U baxti qora odam.
	He is an unfortunate man.
baxtli	adj | NX+dan ~	fortunate, lucky, happy at X
	U uning muvaffaqiyatlaridan baxtlidir.
	She's happy at her successes.
baxtsiz	adj	unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy
baxtsizlik	n	misfortune, ill luck
badbaxt	adj	unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy
baxtiyor	adj	fortunate, lucky, happy (moment, event)
	Bu mamlakatning aholisi baxtiyordir.
	The people of this country is lucky.
OMAD	n	luck, success
	omad+i bor	be lucky
	omad+i kel-	be lucky
	Omadim keldi.
	I am lucky.
	omad+i ket-	be unlucky
	Omadim ketdi.
	I am unlucky.
	omadni sinab ko'r-	try one's luck
omadli	adj	lucky
omadsiz	adj	unlucky
omadsizlik	n	ill luck
	qo'l+i kel(di)-	one's luck's in
IQBOL	n	luck, happiness, success
TOLE (tole+i)	n	luck, fortune, fate	Entities & Events
YAXSHIYAMKI	adv | ~, CX	fortunately, X
XAYRIYAT	adv | ~, CX	what a good thing, X
QUTLUG'	adj	propitious	Solicitude
	Yangi yilingiz qutlug' bo'lsin!
	Happy new year!
SHO'R	adj	sad, unlucky (fate)
	peshana+si sho'r	unfortunate (sad lot)
BALO	n	misfortune, disaster, trouble
	Bir so'z aytib qo'yib, boshim baloga qoldi.
	I said one word and got into trouble for it.
	NX+ga ~ teg-	X be struck by misfortune
	Bu odamlarga balo tegdi.
	These people were struck by misfortune.
	baloga uchra-	experience misfortune
FALOKAT	n	ill-fortune, disaster, calamity
	U falokatga uchradi.
	He suffered ill-fortune.
	falokatga yo'liq-	suffer a disaster
falokatli	adj	unfortunate
MUSIBAT	n	misfortune, disaster
	musibat chek-	experience misfortune, suffer
	musibat tort-	experience misfortune, suffer
musibatli	adj	unfortunate, painful
OFAT	n	catastrophe, disaster
	tabiiy ofat	natural disaster
TANGLIK	n	crisis, difficulties
KRIZIS	n	crisis
keskin	adj	tense, sharp, fierce (l/f)	Forces
keskinlik	n	sharpness, tension (l/f)
keskinlash-	v.int	sharpen, aggravate, worsen
keskinlashtir-	v.t	strain, aggravate, worsen
	Bunday harakatlar xalqaro munosabatlarni keskinlashtiradi.
	Such actions strain the international tension.
ko'ngilsizlik	n	annoyance, trouble	Feelings
	ko'ngilsizliklarga duchor bo'l-	be in trouble
DUCHOR	NX+ga ~ bo'l-	meet with X, suffer X(=ill fortune)
	duchor qil-	bring (ill fortune)
UCHRA-	v.int | NX+ga ~	meet X, run into X, hit upon X	Visits & Greetings Health
		experience X(=bad situation), fall ill with X(=illness)
	Bu qishloq aholisi yer qimirlash ofatiga uchradi.
	The inhabitants of this village experienced the misfortune of an earthquake.
	U bola bo'g'ma kasaliga uchradi.
	That child has contracted diphteria.
YO'LIQ-	v.int | NX+ga ~	meet X, see X, run into X	Visits & Greetings
		experience X(=bad situation, illness)
TUSH-	NX+ga ~(+ib qol-)	fall in/on/into X(=bad situation)	Transport Vertical Motion Evolution
	U dilgirlik kayfiyatiga tushib qoldi.
	He felt into a melancholic mood.
	Boshga tushganni ko'z ko'rar.
	We will see what happens.
	U yomon holga tushdi.
	He fell on hard times.
YE-	v.t	suffer, endure (blow, attack)	Food Vital Functions
	Hasan musht yedi.
	Hasan got a beating.
	Mendan kaltak yeysan!
	I will thrash you!
	achchiq-chuchuk	hardship, ups and downs	Food
FOJIA	n	tragedy, tragic situation
fojiali	adj	tragic
QIYIN	adj	difficult, complicated, hard	Pain
	Bunga erishish menga qiyin bo'ldi.
	It was difficult for me to get it.
	Bu ishni qilish qiyin.
	This work is difficult to do.
qiyinlik	n	difficulty (degree in)
	NX+ga qiyinlik qil-	present problems to X
qiyinlash-	v.int	get difficult
qiyinlashtir-	v.t	make difficult
qiyinchilik	n	difficulty
QIYNA-	v.t	harass, torture, torment; haunt
OSON	adj	easy, light, simple
	Bu oson ish.
	This is light work.
	NX+ga ~ bo'l-	come easy to X
	Unga institutda o'qish oson bo'ldi.
	The studies at the institute came easy to him.
osonlik	n	convenience, easiness
osonlikcha	adv	easily
OG'IR	adj	heavy, weighty	Density Seriousness
		difficult, hard
	Dehqonlarning og'ir mehnatini yengillashtirish kerak.
	The heavy labour of farmworkers must be lightened.
	U og'ir hayot kechiradi.
	He has a hard life.
og'irlik	n	difficulty, burden, hardship
	NX+ga og'irlik qil-	be a burden for X
og'irlash-	v.int	become heavy
		get worse (l/f)
og'irchilik	n	difficulty, hardness
ZO'R	n	force, might, strength	Forces
	zo'r bilan	with all one's might, strenuously
	U zo'r bilan ishlaydi.
	He is working with all his might.
zo'rg'a	adv	with difficulty, barely enough
	Daryodan zo'rg'a o'tib oldim.
	I crossed the river with great difficulty.
	Yashikni men zo'rg'a ko'taraoldim.
	I was scarcely able to lift the box.
YENGIL	adj	light (l/f)	Density Anxiety
	Bu kitob og'ir, unisi esa yengil.
	This book is heavy but that one is light.
yengillik	n	easiness
yengillash-	v.int	get lighter (l/f)
yengillashtir-	v.t	lighten, make lighter (l/f)
MUSHKUL	adj	arduous, difficult, hard
mushkulot	n	difficulty, arduousness
mushkullash-	v.int	get difficult
MASHAQQAT	n	trouble, difficulty, suffering
mashaqqatli	adj	hard, painful
mashaqqatsiz	adj	without difficulty
ARANG	adv	with difficulty	Will
		reluctantly
	(bir) amallab	with great difficulty
JO'N	adj	easy, simple
RAVON	ad	fluent(ly), smooth(ly)	Speach
O'NG'AY	adj	favourable, easy	Anxiety
o'ng'aylik	n	convenience, easiness
o'ng'aysiz	adj	unfavourable, uneasy
o'ng'aylash-	v.int	get easier
QULAY	adj	convenient, handy, comfortable
	O'qishga qulay vaqt topmoq.
	Find the right time for studying.
qulaylik	n	convenience, handiness
	N(ish)X+ga ~ tug'dir-	favour X
	Yaxshi ob-havo samolyotimizning tinch uchishishiga qulaylik tug'dirdi.
	The good weather favoured the flight of our plane.
noqulay	adj	inconvenient
noqulaylik	n	inconvenience, disadvantage
qulayla-	v.t	make easier, facilitate
qulaylash-	v.int	get easier, convenient
SHINAM	adj	comfortable, cozy, nice	Value
XAVF	n	danger, threat	Anxiety
	Dunyoda urush xavfi bor.
	There is a threat of war in the world.
	Hech qanday xavf yo'q.
	There is no danger.
	xavf ostida bo'l-	be in danger
	xavf ostida qol-	be in danger
	NX+ni xavf ostiga qo'y-	risk X, put X in danger
	Bolani qutqarishda u o'z hayotini xavf ostiga qo'ydi.
	He risked his life when saving the child.
	xavfdan qoch-	escape danger
xavfli	adj | NX uchun ~	dangerous to X, perilous
xavfsiz	adj	safe
xavfsizlik	n	safety
	xavfsizlikda	being safe
xavflan-	v.int | NX+dan ~	apprehend X, worry about X
XATAR	n	danger, hazard
	xatar ostida (qol-)	(be) in danger
	Askarlarimiz xatar ostida qoldilar.
	Our soldiers are in danger.
xatarli	adj	dangerous, hazardous
bexatar	adj	safe
	xavf-xatar	peril
TAHLIKA	n	danger
	tahlika ostida (qol-)	(be) in danger
	Mamlakatning xo'jaligini tahlika ostida.
	The economy of the country is in danger.
	tahlikaga solib qo'y-	put in danger
QALTIS	adj	perilous, risky, dangerous
qaltislik	n	peril, risk, danger
qo'rqinchli	adj	dangerous, perilous	Fear

Manner

USUL	n | VX+ish ~+i	method (of Xing), manner (of X), way of (Xing), procedure	Characteristics
	Dars berish usulini o'zgartirish kerak.
	The method of teaching must be changed.
	Mana shu usulda ishlash kerak.
	Work must be done in this way.
		form, style
METOD	n	method, way
YO'L	n	way, road	Roads Utilization
		path
		way, method
USLUB	n	style, manner	Litterature
RAVISH	n	manner, way	Language
	Bu ravishda ishlash kerak.
	Work must be done in this way.
	Unga amaliy ravishda yordam berish kerak.
	He must be helped in a practical way.
SURAT	n	way, manner	Art Media
	Bu xabarni bizga rasmiy suratda berildi.
	This news was given to us officially.
TARZ	n	manner, form, way
YO'SIN	n	manner, way
	turmush tarzi	way of life
	yashash ravishi	way of life
VOSITA	n	means, measures, method	Utilization
	Bizga ishlab chiqarish vositalari kerak.
	We need the means of production.
vositali	adj	indirect
vositasiz	adj	direct
bevosita	ad	direct(ly)
vositachi	n	intermediary
vositachilik	n | NX+ning ~+ida	through the intermediary of X
TADBIR	n | NX+ning tadbir+i	measure, steps, precaution for X
	Bu yil paxta terish tadbirlari muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirildi.
	This year the measures for harvesting of cotton were successfull.
	Boshqaga bir tadbir o'ylab topish kerak.
	Some other way must be found.
	N(ish)X uchun ~ ko'r-	take steps to X
	Bu ishni qilish uchun qanday tadbirlar ko'rdingizlar?
	What steps have you taken to do this work?
tadbirli	adj	methodical
SHAKL	n	form, shape	Characteristics Shapes
		manner, way
	Mana shu shaklda ishlash kerak.
	Work must be done in this way.
ILOJ	n | N(ish)X+ga ~	means, way, possibility of X
	Uning bundan boshqa ishni qilishga iloji yo'q.
	He has no possibility of doing other work than this.
	iloj+i yo'q	have no way out, can't help it
	iloji boricha AX+roq	as X as possible
	iloj top-	think of a way, find a solution
ilojsiz	adj	beyond remedy, without solution
		having no way out
CHORA	n | N(ish)X+ga ~	way, means of X	Punishment
	Bu mashinani tuzatishga hech qanaday chora yo'q.
	There is no way at all of repairing this machine.
		action, measures
	chora+si yo'q	can't help it
	chora top-	think of a way, find a solution
	chora ko'r-	take measures
	Dushmanlarga qarshi chora ko'rish kerak.
	Measures must be taken against the enemy.
chorasiz	adj	having no way out
		beyond remedy, without solution
BILAN	post | NX ~	with X, by means of X, and X	Identity & Difference
	Choyni qand bilan ichaman.
	I take tea with sugar.
	Qalam bilan yozaman.
	I will write with a pencil.
	U men bilan birga keldi.
	He came together with me.
	Uchquch bilan keldim.
	I came by plane.
	Yo'l bilan yur!
	Go by the highway!
ORQALI	post | NX ~	by means of X, through X, via X
	Radio orqali eshitirmoq.
	To broadcast over the radio.
	Samarqandga poyezd orqali keldim.
	I came to Samarkand by train.
	Uning bilan telefon orqali so'zlashdim.
	I spoke him on the phone.
VOSITA	NX+ning vositasi bilan	by means of X	Method
	Sizning vositangiz bilan bu uyni topdim.
	I found this house through you.
YO'L	NX+ning yo'li bilan	by means of X	Method Roads
bo'yicha	post | NX ~	throughout X, all over X, all along X	Evolution Position
		in accordance with X, in connection with X
	Bu ishni qonun bo'yicha qildim.
	I did this in accordance with the law.
	post | N(gani)X ~	ever since X
asosan	adv	in principle, basically	Importance
	post | NX+ga ~	in accordance with X, according to X
	Maktubingizga asosan bu yerga keldim.
	I came in accordance with your letter.
BINOAN	post | NX+ga ~	in accordance with X, in consequence of X	Circumstance & Causality
yuzasidan	post | NX ~	in accordance with X
YARASHA	post | NX+ga ~	according to X, corresponding to X
QAROR	NX asosida ~ top-	rest on X	Will
	Mamlakatimizda savdo-sotiq o'zaro manfaatdorlik prinsiplari asosida qaror topgan.
	The trade between our countries rests on the principle of mutual benefits.
QARA-	v.int | NX+ga ~	look at X, watch X, gaze at X; glance at X	Vision Reflection Attention Identity & Difference Behaviour Position Identity & Difference Opinion
qarab	post | NX+ga ~	in accordance with X
qaramasdan	post | N(ishi)X+ga ~	although X, notwithstanding X
qaramay	post | N(ishi)X+ga ~	although X, notwithstanding X
qaraganda	post | NX+ga ~	in comparison with X
	post | N(ishi)X+ga ~	considering X
KO'RA	post | N(ish)X+ga ~	in accordance with X, according to X, because of X	Opinion Identity & Difference
	U odamning aytishiga ko'ra, yig'ilishga besh kishi kelgan.
	According to this man, only five people came to the meeting.
foydalan-	v.int | NX+dan (N(ish)Y uchun) ~	take advantage of X, use, make use of X, utilize X (for Y), handle X	Interest
	Uyni yig'ishtirish vaqtida bir changyutgichdan foydalanamiz.
	During the cleaning we make use of a vacuum cleaner.
	Sen termometrdan ehtiyotlik bilan foydalanishing kerak.
	You must handle the thermometer carefully.
	Men bo'sh vaqtimdan o'qish uchun foydalanaman.
	I use my free time for reading.
ishlat-	v.t	use, utilize, employ	Action
ishlatil-	v.int	be used, utilized, employed
qo'lla-	v.t	use, utilize, employ, adopt	Appraisal
	Bu yangi iborani u noto'g'ri qo'lladi.
	He has used this new expression wrongly.
	To'g'ri ko'makchi fe'lni qo'llang.
	Use it with the right auxiliary.
qo'llan-	v.int	be used, utilized, employed, adopted
qo'llanma	n	instruction(s), guide
ISTE'MOL	n	use; consumption	Business Criminality
	Keng iste'mol mollari yetishmaydi.
	Consumer goods are in short supply.
	iste'mol qil-	make use of; consume
	Kitobingizni iste'mol qildim.
	I made use of your book.
SUIISTE'MOL	n	misuse, use wrongly, abuse
	NX+dan suiiste'mol qil-	misuse X, use X wrongly
TATBIQ	n	use, implementation
	tatbiq et-/qil-	apply, employ, adopt
TUGA-	v.int	use up, run out, exhaust	Evolution
	Do'konda sotilib turgan non negadir tez tugadi.
	In the shop where it was being sold, somehow the bread ran out quickly.
tugalla-	v.t	use up, finish off
SARF	n	expenses; expenditure, spending	Business
	Sarfim ko'p.
	I have many expenses.
	NX+ni NY+ga sarf qil-	spend X for Y; use X for Y
	Motor 100 kilometrga 8 litr benzin sarf qiladi.
	The engine uses 8 liters for 100 kilometers.
	Bu lug'atni tuzish uchun ko'p vaqt sarf qilindi.
	A great deal of time was spent in compiling this dictionary.
	Ko'p pul sarf qilmang!
	Don't spend a lot of money!
sarfiyat	n	loss, wastage, expense
sarfla-	v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+ga ~	spend X on Y, expend X on Y, allocate X for Y
	O'zbekiston hukumati xalq ta'limiga katta mablag' sarflaydi.
	The government of Uzbekistan allocates large sums of money for education.
	Men kitob o'qishga ko'p vaqt sarflayman.
	I spend a lot of time on reading.
	U bu ishga ko'p kuch sarfladi.
	He expended much strength on this work.
	bekorga sarfla-	waste
	Kelinglar, o'z ish vaqtimizni bekorga sarflamaylik.
	Let us not waste our working time.
ISROF	n	wasting, squandering
	isrof qil-	waste, squander
	Pulni o'rinsiz isrof qilmang!
	Don't waste money!
isrofgar	n	waster, squanderer
isrofgarchilik	n	wasting, squandering
ZOYE	adv	in vain, at a loss	Action
	zoye bo'l-	be in vain, be wasted
	Qilgan ishimiz zoye bo'ldi.
	Our work was in vain.
	zoye ket-	be in vain, be wasted
	zoye qil-	waste, squander
	U pulini zoye qildi.
	He wasted his money.
YARA-	v.int | NX+ga ~	be useful, helpful for X	Copy & Adaptation Value
	yaramas	of no use, useless
yaroqli	adj | NX+ga ~	well-suited, suitable; useful for X
yaroqsiz	adj	unsuitable; of no use, useless
taqsimla-	v.t	regulate, order X(=time)	Whole & Parts Exchange
	Siz o'z vaqtingizni to'g'ri taqsimlay olasizmi?
	Can you correctly regulate your time?
	U o'z ish kunini qat'iy taqsimlab oladi.
	He orders strictly his working day.
XIZMAT	NX+ga ~ ko'rsat-	serve X, render service to X	Work
	Styuardessa yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatadi.
	The stewardess serves the passengers.
	NX+ga xizmat qil-	serve X
	Bu bitim mudofaa maqsadlariga xizmat qiladi.
	The pact serves defensive purposes.
AYA-	v.t	spare, pity	Pity Business
		use sparingly, make best use of
tayan-	v.int | NX+ga ~	lean on/against X	Solicitude Forces
		rely on X, rest on X
	Hozirgi zamon diagnostikasi psixologiyadagi eng yangi bilimlarga tayanadi.
	Modern diagnostics rest on the latest knowledge in psychology.
CHIQ-	v.int	go out, exit	Motion Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion Entities & Events Transport Appraisal
	v.int | VX+ib ~	do X thoroughly
	Bosmaxonadan kelgan korrekturani ko'rib chiqdim.
	I looked through the proofs from the printers.
	Men hozir qo'shinmiznikidan choy ichib chiqdim.
	I have already had tea at our neighbours.
	Tun bo'yi yig'lab chiqdi.
	He cried all night.
beril-	v.int | N(ish)X+ga ~	devote o.s. to X	Exchange Honesty
	berilgan	devoted, loyal, staunch
	U tashkilotimizga berilgan kishi.
	He is a man devoted to our organization.
IXLOS	n	devotion, dedication, sincere feeling	Honesty
JONKUYAR	adj	devoted, dedicated	Honesty
jonkuyarlik	n	devotion, dedication
chuqurlash-	v.int	deepen (l/f)	Size
chuqurlashtir-	v.t	deepen (l/f)
ASTOYDIL	adv	diligently, conscientiously, wholeheartedly
	jon ber-	give one's life	Spirit
		do wholeheartedly
	U jon berib ishlaydi.
	He works wholeheartedly.
	jon-tan bilan	with all one's heart
hayvonlarcha	adj	like beasts of burden
atroflicha	n	in detail, thoroughly
yuzaki	ad	superficial(ly) (l/f)	Shapes
	Bu lug'atni yozishda yuzaki ish qilish mumkin emas.
	It is impossible to work superficially when compiling this dictionary.
	yarim-yorti	(only) half, anyhow, haphazardly
	Yarim-yorti ish qilmang!
	Don't do it just anyhow!
betayin	adj	unclear, imprecise, vague	Truth
		untidy, muddle-headed
betayinlik	n	imprecision, vagueness
		untidiness
shaxsan	adv	personally	Persons
YAQIN	yaqindan	directly, intimately	Whole & Parts Distance Time Social Life
DIQQAT	n	attention, care, caution	Anxiety
	diqqat!	attention! / look out!
	diqqat bilan	carefully, attentively
	Brigadir ish paytida unga diqqat bilan qarab turdi.
	The brigade-ender observed him working for a long time.
	U g'ildiraklarning taqillashiga diqqat bilan quloq soldi.
	He listened for the rumble of the weels.
	N(gani)X uchun ~ bo'l-	be worried, anxious about X
	diqqat qil-	pay attention to, be careful with
	NX+ning diqqat+ini NY+ga jalb et-/qil-	draw X's attention to Y, have X pay attention to Y, have X concentrate on X
	Men sening diqqatingni shu faktga jalb etmoqchiman.
	I want to draw your attention to this fact.
	Notiq majlisga qatnashganlarning diqqatini o'ziga jalb etdi.
	The orator caught the attention of those attending the meeting.
diqqatsiz	adj	inattentive, careless
diqqatsizlik	n	inattention, carelessness
E'TIBOR	n	attention	Authority
		authority
	NX+ga ~ ber-	pay attention to X, give consideration for X
	Uning o'g'li adabiyot fanini o'rganadi, u ayniqsa rus adabiyotiga ko'p e'tibor beradi.
	Her son is studying literature, he gives consideration especially for the Russian literature.
	O'z talaffuzingizga e'tibor bering.
	Pay attention to your pronunciation.
	Do'stingiz bu masalaga juda oz e'tibor berdi.
	Your friend paid very little attention to this problem.
	NX+ni e'tiborga ol-	take X into consideration, take into account X, regard X
	Radioeshittirish tinglovchilarning istaklarini e'tiborga oladi.
	The broadcasting takes into account the wishes of hearers.
	Siz yana bir holatni e'tiborga olishingiz kerak.
	You must take into account of one more argument.
	e'tibor bilan	attentively
	NX+ning e'tibor+ini NY+ga jalb et-	draw X's attention on Y
	Maqola gazetaxonlar e'tiborini konchilarning hozirgi ahvoliga jalb etdi.
	The article drew the reader's attention on todays living conditions of the miners.
e'tiborsiz	adj	inattentive
	NX+ga ~ qara-	pay no attention to X, be deaf to X, neglect, ignore X
	Men qora ishga e'tiborsiz qaramayman.
	I don't ignore dirty work.
	U barcha iltimoslarga e'tiborsiz qaradi.
	He was deaf to all requests.
e'tiborsizlik	n	inattention, carelessness
	diqqat-e'tibor	attention, seeing and hearing
hisoblash-	v.int | NX bilan ~	take X into consideration	Business Finance
	Sen doimo sharoit bilan hisoblashishing kerak.
	You must always take into consideration the circumstances.
EHTIYOT	n	care, caution, safeguard
	Ehtiyot urug'ligini keltiring!
	Bring me the reserve supply of seeds!
	NX+dan ~ bo'l-	be careful, cautious, prudent with X
	Bu itdan ehtiyot bo'l!
	Beware of the dog!
	ehtiyotdan	as a precaution
	NX+ni ehtiyot qil-	take care of X, treat X with care, caution
	Ona o'g'liga dedi: "Sen o'z kiyimingni ehtiyot qilishing kerak."
	The mother said to her son: "You should take care of your clothes".
	Bu kitoblarni ehtiyot qilib saqla!
	Look after these books with care!
		set aside, reserve
	Mening ehtiyot qilingan pulim bor.
	I have some money in reserve.
ehtiyotsiz	ad	not paying attention, careless(ly), imprudent
ehtiyotsizlik	n	inattention, carelessness
ehtiyotla-	v.t	guard, take care of
ehtiyotlan-	v.int	guard against, protect o.s. of
ehtiyotkor	adj	careful, cautious, prudent, circumspect
ehtiyotkorlik	n	precaution, care, caution
ehtiyotkorona	adv	carefully, cautiously, prudently, sparingly
SAQLA-	v.t	keep, guard, safeguard, take care of	Preservation
	Bu kitobni saqlab qo'ying!
	Take care of this book please!
	Soqchilarimiz chegarani saqlamoqdalar.
	Our guards are guarding the frontiers.
saqlan-	v.int | N(ish)X+dan ~	take precautions, guard against X, beware of X
	Har kim shamollashdan saqlanishi kerak.
	Everyone has to beware of chill.
	Bu odamdan saqlaning.
	Beware of this man.
PARVO	n	attention, notice
	Parvoyimga ham kelmadi.
	I did not pay any attention.
	NX+ga parvo qil-	pay attention to X, take notice of X
	Kosimning so'ziga parvo qilmayman.
	I won't pay attention to what Kasim says.
beparvo	adj	careless, negligent
beparvolik	n	carelessness, negligence
PARVARISH	n	care, tending
	parvarish qil-	take care of, tend
	Bu bolani parvarish qilish kerak.
	This child must be looked after.
PUXTA	adj	strong, durable, thick, firm	Properties
		thorough, efficient, proper(ly)
	Puxta ish.
	Efficient work.
		careful, prudent, deliberate
	U puxta odam.
	He is a prudent man.
	puxta qil-	be careful, be attentive
puxtalik	n	efficiency
		carefulness
	NX haqida jon kuydir-	be concerned with X, care for X, take care of X, treasure X
	Navbatchi sinfda tartib saqlanishi haqida jon kuydiradi.
	The pupil on duty takes care of the order in the classroom.
ZEHN	NX+ga zehn qo'y-	pay attention to X	Intelligence
	Bu ishga zehn qo'ying!
	Pay attention to this job!
POYLA-	v.t	guard, watch	Undertaking
KUT-	v.t	wait for	Undertaking Invitation Surprise Opinion
		look after, receive, entertain (guests)
	U mehmonlarini yaxshi kutdi.
	He looked after his guests well.
BOQ-	v.t	take care of, bring up	Vision Vital Functions Undertaking Agriculture
	Bola boqish qiyin.
	Bringing up children is difficult.
		feed, pasture
boqim	n	care, supervision, maintenance
boqimsiz	adj	uncared-for, abandoned
boquvchi	n	herder
		watcher, tender
QARA-	v.int | NX+ga ~	look after X, take care of X, nurse X	Utilization Vision Reflection Identity & Difference Behaviour
	Qiz o'z onasiga qaradi.
	The daughter nursed her mother.
		treat X
	Qariya yangi tanishiga ishonch bilan qaradi va unga o'z o'g'li haqida gapirib berdi.
	The old man treated trustfully the new acquaintance and told him about his son.
qarash-	v.int | NX+ga ~	help X, lend a hand to X
TEJA-	v.t	save, economize	Business
		take care of, care for, look after
unutuvchan	adj	absent-minded, inattentive	Memory
unutuvchanlik	n	absent-mindedness, inattention
HUSHYOR	adj	vigilant, attentive, watchful	Perception
hushyorlik	n	vigilance, attention
OGOH	adj	cautious, careful, watchful, vigilant
	U odamdan ogoh bo'ling!
	Be careful of that man!
ogohlantir-	v.t	warn, forewarn, caution, admonish
	v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y haqida ~+ib qo'y-	warn X of Y, forewarn X of Y, caution, admonish X against Y
	Doktor uni o'rnidan turmasligi haqida ogohlantirib qo'ydi.
	The doctor warned him not to get up.
	v.t | NX+ni N(ish)Y+dan ~+ib qo'y-	warn X of Y, forewarn X of Y, caution, admonish X against Y
	Uni yaqinlashib kelayotgan xavfdan ogohlantirib qo'y!
	Warn him of the coming danger!
	NX haqida ~+ish	warning to X, warning of X, caution against X
	Men kitoblarni qaytarish haqida kutubxonadan ogohlantirish oldim.
	I have received from the library a warning on the necessity of returning the books.
	Dovul haqida ogohlantirish o'z vaqtida keldi.
	The warning of a storm came at the right time.
	ko'r-ko'rona	blindly, blindfold
NAZORAT	n	control, supervision
	Ular politsiya nazorati ostida.
	They are under police surveillance.
	nazorat qil-	control, supervise
	NX+ni nazorat qilib tur-	observe X, control X
	Vrach bemorni nazorat qilib turibdi.
	The doctor observes the sick man.
nazoratchi	n	controller, inspector, supervisor
KONTROL	n	control, check, inspection
REVIZOR	n	inspector, auditor
	atrofli ravishda	in an all-round way
OSOYISHTA	ad	quiet(ly), calm(ly), gentle(ly), careful(ly)	Character
	Osoyishta hayot kechirmoq.
	To have a quiet life.
	Tovoqlarni bu yerga osoyishta qo'ying.
	Put the plates down here carefully please.
osoyishtalik	n	quietness, calmness, gentleness, carefulness
TEKIS	ad	smooth(ly); level	Properties Shapes
	Bu qog'oz tekis.
	This paper is smooth.
	Bu yer tekis.
	This place is level.
JOY	joyida	just right, smoothly	Housing Location
telbalik	n	crude and rash action, madness	Health
telbalarcha	adv	madly, crudely and rashly
zo'rlik	n	violence
	zo'rlik bilan	violently
zo'ravon	n	brute, violent person
zo'ravonlik	n	violence, brutality
yashirincha	adv	secretly	Reflection
ALDA-	v.t | NX+da NY+ni alda-	deceive Y with X	Criminality
	U to'lov muddatida uni aldadi.
	He deceived her with the term of payment.
	U sizni aldash uchun harakat qildi.
	He tried to deceive you.
	v.t | NX+ni NY+ga alda-	cheat X out of Y
	U meni bir dollarga aldadi.
	She cheated me out of one dollar.
aldan-	v.int	be cheated, be deceived
aldamchi	n	cheat, swindler, deceiver
	Bu odamdan ehtiyot bo'lish kerak, chunki aldamchidir.
	One must be careful of that man because he is a deceiver.
aldamchilik	n	trickery, swindle, trap
FIR-	v.int | NX+ga ~+ib ber-	deceive, fool
G'IRROM	n	cheat, cardsharper	Honesty
	adj	dishonest
g'irromlik	n	dishonesty, cheating
	g'irromlik qil-	cheat
ko'chir-	v.t | NX+ni NY+dan ~+ib ol-	copy X from Y (writing)	Motion Transfer Release Chronology Language
		crib X from Y
	O'quvchi uy vazifasini o'zining sinfdoshidan ko'chirib oldi.
	The pupil has cribed his classmate's homework
YOLG'ON	n	lie, falsehood	Informing Truth
	Uning so'zi yolg'onga chiqarildi.
	His words proved to be lies.
	NX+ga ~ gapir-	lie, tell lies to X
	Bola ota-onasiga yolg'on gapirmaydi.
	The child doesn't lie to his parents.
	yolg'on so'zla-	lie, tell lies
NIQOB	n	guise, cover	Finery
	n | NX+ning ~+i	under the guise of X
	Do'stlik niqobi ostida.
	Under the guise of friendship.
niqobla-	v.t	mask, disguise, conceal
TUZOQ	n	trap
	NX+ga ~ qo'y-	set a trap for X
	Bu qushni tutish uchun unga tuzoq qo'ydim.
	I set a trap to catch this bird.
	tuzoqqa tush-	fall into the trap
QOPQON	n	trap
HIYLA	n	cunning, guile, trick, ruse	Intelligence
	Uning hiylasiga ishonmang.
	Don't be taken in by his guile.
	NX+ga ~ ishlat-	trick, cheat, deceive X
	NX+ga hiyla qil-	trick, cheat, deceive X
	U menga nisbatan hiyla qildi.
	He tricked me.
hiylali	adj	tricky
hiylagar	adj	sly, cunning
NAYRANG	n	trick, cunning
	NX+ga nayrang qil-	trick, deceive X
nayrangboz	n	cheat
	hiyla-nayrang	cunning, trick, ruse
	hiyla-nayrang o't-	use cunning
	mug'ombirlik qil-	use cunning, pretend	Intelligence
MAKKOR	adj	cunning, deceitful, perfidious
makkorlik	n	cunning, deceitfulness, perfidy
makkorona	adv	cunningly, deceitfully, perfidiously
AYYOR	adj	crafty, deceitful
ayyorlik	n	trickery, slyness, cunning
	ayyorlik qil-	use trickery, cheat, deceive
shaytonlik	n	malice, spite
	shaytonlik qil-	do things maliciously